Stages of project activity: organizational-preparatory, search, final

In connection with the changes that are taking place in the public life of the country, the value priorities are also being revised in the school, new installations are being put in place, and innovative means are being sought to achieve the goals set.

New emphasis in education

Federal state standards were developed to ensure that bright, creative individuals who know how to independently acquire the necessary knowledge emerge from the educational institution. In order for schoolchildren to make informed decisions, plan their activities, easily adapt to the new situation, a special niche in the renewed education system was taken up by children's project activities.

Importance of school projects

Before school teachers a difficult task is posed - the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. The modern scientific system makes quite strict requirements for the presentation and design of various materials, therefore, children's project activities should be thought through. How to teach students to properly design a project, determine its main goal, set tasks?

GEF was developed to help teachers. Project activities on new requirements are an indispensable condition for the work of both the student and the teacher. The pedagogical council decides on the form in which the children will work on the projects.

Necessity of school projects

The actual task of modern education is the formation of tolerance, communication skills, independence. For this, computer technology is not enough. They will become only an instrument for the transfer and transformation of information obtained in the process of study. The society puts before the school an order - the education of citizens who are able to adapt to the realities of modern life. It is the research method that helps to cope with this task, and therefore children's projects are gaining such popularity.

What is the design methodology?

Translated from the Latin language, the project sounds like "thrown forward." This technique is a set of educational and cognitive techniques that allow you to cope in the course of the student's independent actions with some kind of problem. After the end of the work, the students are provided with ready-made projects. We owe the project activity to the USA. At the beginning of the last century, American educator and philosopher J. Dewey proposed to build education by involving schoolchildren in practical activities. The development of the project assumed a personal interest of the student in obtaining the result.

In Russia, project training was introduced under the direction of ST Shatsky, a well-known Russian teacher. At the beginning of the 20th century, he assembled a group of associates, together with whom he analyzed the application of project methods in the school, their effectiveness. In foreign countries, the method of projects was in demand, because it combined theoretical information and practical application of specific problems.

Requirements for the application of project methods in an OS

Children's projects must meet certain requirements:

• The presence of a problem, the solution of which is significant both for the researcher himself and for the society.
• Identify the direction of work.
• Selection of methods by which the task will be achieved.
• Expected results.
• The main stages of the project activity.
• Conclusions on the results obtained, their discussion.

Typology of projects

The development of the project should be carried out taking into account its typological characteristics used in the classification. The dominant activity is assumed in the following variants: role, creative, applied, search. Mono-projects and interdisciplinary work are possible in the subject-matter area.

The work of the project activity for coordination of actions is flexible, rigid, hidden. At the same time, children from different schools in the same city, in different regions and countries can work on one problem. The stages of the project activity presuppose an indication of the timing of their implementation. This is especially true for long-term work, designed for several years.

Sample of the school project

In the proposed sample, all stages of the project activity are indicated. Let's look at it as detailed as possible and split it into points.

The project "Traditions of Pomor Salt Milling"

Since time immemorial, man has learned to evaporate table salt from sea water. In this way, one-third of humanity's need for this necessary product was met. In the White Sea, the extraction of salt began a long time ago. The ancient "salt farmers" had only the possibilities of nature. Salt was evaporated from the water under the influence of the sun, because 4-5 millennia ago the climate was warmer than the modern. At that time, salt was a profitable industry, and salt was a valuable product of trade and exchange. But the sale was not always carried out honestly, they mixed the "kardehu" (stones). For this Ivan the Terrible in 1546 instructed to fine 2 rubles for 65 poods of salt! The revival of the Pomor tradition of the production of salt from sea water is an aspect in the formation of citizenship and patriotism of the modern generation.

The goal of the project: the revival of Pomorian methods of cooking salt, the formation of a sense of patriotism in the younger generation.

Objectives of the project :

• Analyze ancient ways of salt extraction;
• Re-create a drawing of a technical device for the production of salt from sea water;
• Revitalize the technology of salt evaporation;
• To analyze the feasibility of using this method.

Novelty: at the moment there is no such proposal in the Arkhangelsk region.

Object of investigation: table salt.

The subject of the study: ancient ways of obtaining table salt.

Main part:

For a long time people have learned to receive salt from salt water. We built saltworks near the salt springs. On the shore of the White Sea there were only three saltworks, and along the Onega River similar structures were located near the villages of Chekuevo, Glotovo. Three saltworks appeared on the territory of the Turchasov mill: in Nermush, Kleshchevo, Usolye. Their founders were rich merchants and Kozhozersky monastery. One bag of salt was worth like a cow. At the same time the cost of the house at that time was two cows. Birch bark products were used to store the salt. The last time salt was brewed in the North in 1950. At present, only traces of the ancient salt paintings have been preserved.

Useful and hazardous properties of salt:

Salt has weak antiseptic properties. 10-15% of its solution prevents the development of putrefactive bacteria. This became the reason for its wide application as a preservative. The lethal dose of salt is 3 grams per kilogram of body weight.

What does salt lead to?

According to the World Health Organization, the systematic intake of excess salt leads to a sharp increase in blood pressure, there are diseases of the kidney and heart, stomach cancer, osteoporosis. Cooking salt can cause eye diseases and eyelid edema, as it delays water in the body.

Useful properties of salt:

During the Great Patriotic War, surgeons working in field hospitals laid cotton cloth wounded in wide ragged wounds moistened with salt solution. Thus, they saved them from gangrene: after 3-4 days the wounds became clean. An excellent tonic effect on the body is provided by contrasting dousing with salt water.

Business-plan of work:

Salt is a commodity that is always in demand. In Russia there are producers of salt, but this does not reduce the interest in this product. We propose to organize a master class on evaporation of table salt from sea water, deciding immediately two important and actual tasks for our region: the revival of the Pomor tradition and the attraction of tourists to the region (increasing the attractiveness of the region). Salt will be available to all participants of the master class, in addition, they will get acquainted with the history of the Pomor region of the north, its customs and traditions. In the Arkhangelsk region at the present time there is no production of salt. It is important that the cost of the master classes will be affordable. In this case, you can later arrange the release of individually packaged salt. Master classes will be held for schoolchildren, tourists. The project does not provide for industrial salt production, does not require serious equipment, hiring of labor.

The main participants of the project: private individuals.

The main obstacles (constraints to the development of production and features in the implementation of the project):

The revival of the Pomor tradition of cooking salt can be considered quite an interesting idea for tourists. This business does not require significant capital investment. Of course, it will be necessary to invest money in the first stage, that is, when creating ancient mechanisms for evaporation of salt, but the initial investment in this production is not very significant.

Project implementation:

The saltworks will be located on the land belonging to the Onega museum of local lore. In the direction of the coast (to the north), an insignificant decrease in the relief is observed. The saltworks will be equipped with two separate entrances, an entrance from the common road. To access it people with disabilities, there is a ramp at the entrance. All green plantings, herbage during construction are not violated.

Conclusions on the work and prospects of the project implementation:

This project is quite feasible and promising. When carrying out successful tests, it will be possible to count on the influx of a significant number of tourists, that is, to increase the investment attractiveness of the Onega district. As guides you can attract schoolchildren, by stimulating them with insignificant cash payments (vouchers, discount tickets to the theater, cinema).

We managed to get acquainted with the pomor traditions of salt making, to find historical data, to make sketches of the future saltworks on them. The next stages of the project activity will be related to the calculation of construction costs and testing. You can also think about creating a souvenir salt shop on the basis of the museum of local lore.

Specificity of the school project

The above version of the project has a descriptive character. It clearly shows the preparatory stage. However, it is described in the most detail.

Conclusion

The project activity helps to form the students' independence, creative thinking, interest in the disciplines studied. This training option will not only stimulate development, but will also be useful in the future.