Renovation is what? How is the renovation of buildings, "Khrushchev", territories, ships, etc.?

Renovation is a process designed to improve the structure of something. In Latin it means "repair", "renewal", "renewal".

Renovation in the work of production enterprises

As a result of economic activity of any organization, the process of moral and physical deterioration of its machinery and equipment, as well as structures and buildings, occurs.

To restore the working capacity of productive assets, their replacement is improved, that is, renovation. This makes it possible to increase labor productivity, which, in turn, makes it possible to produce more products.

Ways of the process

The replacement of disposable production assets can be carried out in one of three ways:

1. Write-off of certain funds intended for production. In this case, they are replaced by newer and more productive ones.

2. As a result of the reconstruction of individual units and entire enterprises. In the course of this process, a certain proportion of worn-out fixed assets should be replaced by more modern ones.

3. The renovation program is often carried out with the liquidation of old enterprises, when new industrial shops and plots are being built on their territory.

Renovation in shipbuilding

The physical and moral wear of many fixed assets is also observed in the shipping company. Many companies have ships, the age of which is close to the limit. For them, renovation is practically the only method that allows prolonging life. Otherwise, the ships will simply be sent for scrapping. And many companies can not afford this, since they will lose the bulk of their profits, because it is the hard labor veterans that run along the water between the Far East and the countries in the Asia-Pacific region. A large number of cargoes carry such vessels along rivers running in Russia and the near abroad.

Refresh the fleet using a way to replace old fixed assets with new ones, not every company can. This process is long and very expensive. That is why the renovation of ships is carried out. It allows you to rejuvenate old funds for ten to fifteen years. At the same time, the company will have additional time to carry out the fleet renewal, the market of transportation will not be lost, where there is a fierce competition.

Renovation is a process that will allow the company to increase the prestige of the ship. At the same time, tariff levels may be revised upwards, and the most favorable terms from insurance organizations are obtained. In addition, after the upgrade of the vessel, the costs of its maintenance will be significantly reduced. In the end, the life of honored veterans of the river and sea spaces will be prolonged.

The renovation carried out in the cargo compartment of the hull of the vessel can be realized by the sectional method. This will allow you to perform a larger percentage of the work during navigation. The vessel is not withdrawn from service.

Renovation of housing stock

This issue is very relevant for the whole country, because it plays a role in creating the most quality environment for the population.

And in this sphere, renovation is a process of restoring or replacing some physically or morally obsolete objects with other, newer ones.

The housing stock can be subject to overhaul or modernization, restoration or reconstruction. Buildings can be demolished, and new objects are erected in their place. All these actions refer to different methods of renovation. Which of them should be applied in each specific case? Everything depends not only on the characteristics of the residential building, but also on the ways of its further exploitation.

First stage

Before carrying out any work, an investment project must be drawn up. This document will determine the basic set of necessary practical actions. This will include expert, design, construction, as well as other types of work that are aimed at fulfilling the task of renovating the home and solving social and economic issues related to the effective operation of the facility.

State participation

Municipal and regional authorities play an important role in the renovation of the housing stock. At the same time, their participation can be carried out in two forms - financial and non-financial. Each of them performs its important function.

The essence of the state's financial participation is:

- granting subsidies that can be spent either on improving living conditions, or on reimbursement of a certain proportion of costs for repair and maintenance of apartments and houses;

- financing of the housing program;

- servicing and organization of housing loans;

- granting to physical persons of tax privileges;

- investments aimed at improving the structure of the housing complex.

With non-financial participation, state bodies apply a wide range of instruments related to the sphere of technical, regulatory, and town-planning regulation. In this case, the main objects for performing this function are not only the renovation projects themselves, in which new construction, overhaul or reconstruction may be envisaged, but also the renovation entities (tenants, homeowners, producers and credit organizations).

Territorial renovation

At a certain site, demolition of existing structures and buildings and removal of networks and utilities from the ground can be carried out. This is the renovation of the territories. Its main purpose is to release the site for new construction. At the same time, the degree of preservation of buildings located on a given territory does not matter.

There is a conditional division of renovation into two types. The release of a site for new construction can be forced or evolutionary.

What is the first type of renovation? This is the adoption of a formal decision to demolish the existing building site. Evolutionary renovation, on the contrary, proceeds naturally, as it is the result of certain errors, the consequences of which are beyond control and management.

Implementation of a large-scale project

In Russia, a grandiose program is being implemented, which provides for work that allows the reconstruction of entire neighborhoods. Renovations of vast territories in St. Petersburg are carried out by an organization that was created specifically for this project. This is OOO SPb-Renovation.

A corresponding agreement has been concluded between the company and the city authorities. According to him, until 2019 in St. Petersburg will be renovated "Khrushchev." The construction company carries out demolition work on more than a thousand houses located in nine districts of the Northern capital. In their place will be built almost eight million square meters. Meters of new apartments.

One hundred and fifty thousand people are registered in houses that are subject to renovation. After the work, the number of residents is supposed to increase threefold. New houses are planned to build the highest quality. At the same time, the most advanced technologies of our time will be used.

Under the project, new quarters should be equipped with individual boiler houses, and installation of meters for supplied energy resources is being developed in all apartments. The houses plan to heat the cold air coming from the street. This function is assigned to the modern supply and exhaust ventilation. In the entrances there will be superlifts, which will be self-charged during descent. In the window openings there is an installation of wooden double-glazed windows, etc.

Thermal renovation

The bulk of the housing stock of Russia and the former Soviet republics was built before 1980. During this period, a large-scale program of large-panel housing construction was carried out. At the same time, the number of square meters put into operation increased rapidly, but questions concerning the thermal insulation of houses were solved only by means traditional for those times.

It is worth saying that the loss of heat in old houses reaches eighty percent. This leads to an increase in utility payments and an increase in the use of all types of fuel resources.

If for other residential buildings the renovation is to replace engineering equipment, repair internal and main heating networks, then for these buildings a set of measures for the insulation of facades is being developed. It includes work to improve the mechanical, physical, aesthetic and other operational properties of the building. All these measures are aimed at improving the energy efficiency of housing.

Renovation works include the renovation of structural elements, interior and exterior, insulation of facades, partitions, etc. At the same time, the quality of the existing housing stock is significantly improved.