Principles of teaching in pedagogy

The learning process is a complex system that includes the learning activity of both the teacher and the student, and is based on real or perceived patterns that become pedagogical principles of learning.

Principles of teaching in pedagogy can be divided into obschedidakticheskie and methodical. The general pedagogical principles of teaching in pedagogy are principles that are proclaimed as general didactics and are mandatory in the study of any subject.

Methodological principles are divided into general methodological and private methods of teaching in pedagogy. Common principles include such principles as: a differentiated approach, the use of various exercises, methods and methods of teaching, the identification of specific landmarks (demonstration, explanation, reinforcement), motivation and a comprehensive approach to motivation. Private methods of teaching include such principles as the principle of oral advance, parallel learning, communicative orientation, the principle of the oral basis.

Didactic principles of teaching in pedagogy include the principle of scientific, systematic and consistent, clear, conscious and active, accessible and feasible, the principle of age-specific features and the principle of strength of students' knowledge, skills and habits.

The principle of scientific nature consists in the formation in the students of the system of scientific knowledge, in the analysis of educational material, in the identification of important important ideas in it, in the identification of possible intersubject connections, in the use of reliable scientific facts and knowledge, and in the use of accepted scientific terms.

A great role in the implementation of the scientific principle is played by technical means of teaching, video recordings, training films, film programs and so on.

The principle of systemicity assumes that knowledge and skills will be inextricably linked and form an integral system, that is, the learning material will be learned at three levels: the level of reflection, understanding and assimilation. At the first level, the student should have a general idea of the subject, on the second level he must master theoretical knowledge about the subject, and on the third level - practical skills that are achieved as a result of exercises and training.

The essence of the principle of accessibility is to reflect the principles of continuity, gradualness and consistency of training. That is, you first need to identify previously formed knowledge, skills and skills, and only then gradually give new ones, without forcing this process and not skipping certain stages. When organizing the training, it is necessary to choose methods, means and forms of training that correspond to the level of mental, psychological and physical development of the student.

The principle of visibility implies not just an illustration of the studied subject or phenomenon, but the use of a whole set of tools, techniques and methods that ensure the formation of a clearer and clearer perception of the knowledge communicated. A big role in using the visual method belongs to verbal comments.

For example, when teaching any motor activity, you do not just need to show an exercise, but always comment on it, getting the learner to realize each phase of the movement. The student must not only form his motoristic idea of the action being studied, but also feel all the features of the performance of this action.

The principle of consciousness and activity is based on the formation of motivation among students, the internal need for studying a particular material, and systematic incitement to the material under study. If the student does not want to study this or that material, then there will be no benefit from the lessons.

The principle of strength of the generated knowledge, skills and skills is impossible without the separation in the teaching material of the main and its connection with the knowledge already available to the student. In order for knowledge and skills to become the internal property of the student, it is necessary to include them in the learner's belief system. It is also necessary to ensure the constant connection of the training material with practical activities.

The principles of education and upbringing should be carried out taking into account age and individual characteristics. However, in each group of schoolchildren - both in age and in each class - there are often some individual differences that manifest themselves in the peculiarities of the development of any mental processes, in the difference in the level of development of abilities, and also in the direction of interests and needs.

The individual characteristics of boys and girls differ. All pedagogical principles of education must take into account these really existing differences. In no case can you expect that there is any completely universal recipe that is suitable for all cases.