Overlapping between floors in a private house: types and technology of construction

The ceilings between floors in a private house are structures that separate rooms in height, forming floors. These structures separate the basement and attic rooms from the main ones. They must have sufficient strength to undergo a load of their own weight and payload, which turns out to be furniture, people, and equipment.

general description

The value of the payload per square meter will depend on the purpose of the room and the nature of the equipment. If it is a loft overlap, then this value is not more than 105 kilograms per square meter. For the interfloor overlapping of the basement, this value increases to 210 kilograms per square meter. The overlaps between the floors in the private house must be strong, they must not bend under the influence of loads, the permissible amount of inflection for attic floors is 1/200, whereas in the case of spans between floors this value should be 1/250.

The basic requirements for floors

In the process of construction of floors, it is necessary to provide a sufficient degree of noise insulation, the value is set by the standards in the design. To do this, close the slots in the docking areas of the material, only in this case, sounds from neighboring rooms will be distributed minimally. Overlaps that separate rooms with a certain temperature difference must meet the requirements of thermal protection. This indicates the need for an additional layer of insulation. Whatever the design, especially made of wood, is not able to withstand the long-term effects of fire. It should be remembered that each material is characterized by a certain value of the fire resistance limit. For reinforced concrete floors, it is 60 minutes, but if the construction is made of wood with a backfill and the bottom has a plastered surface, the confrontation with the fire will last 45 minutes. Wooden floors, which are protected with a layer of plaster, are able to withstand the flame for about 15 minutes. In the presence of wooden floors, which in the process of construction were not protected by non-combustible materials, it should be borne in mind that their fire resistance limit is even less.

Types of overlapping

The overlaps between floors in a private house can be interstorey, basement, basement or attic. According to the constructive solution, the bearing part of the overlapping can be beam or bezel. In the first case, the system consists of beams and filling. In the second, the construction is made of homogeneous elements by the type of panels or plates.

Features of girder cover

The ceilings between the floors in the private house can be beam, while the individual elements are located at an equal distance from each other, and the elements are filled on the beams. The latter serve as a fence. Beams can be metal, reinforced concrete or wooden.

Features of the construction of floors from wooden beams

In the construction of private houses, in most cases, beams are made of wood. For beams, there are restrictions on the width of the span, they can be used for attic floors or interstorey structures, in which the width of the span should be 5 meters. Such products are made from coniferous or hardwood species of wood, and on the upper side is a flooring that is floor. The construction of such an overlap provides the presence of beams, rolling, floor and heat insulation material.

If you decide to build floors between floors in a private house with your own hands based on wooden beams, you should know that the house can have a rectangular plan. It is necessary to cover the spans in the direction along the short wall. To ensure that the floor does not bend under its own weight, its elements are laid at a certain distance. If you need to build a ceiling of 3x4 meters, you should use 6x20 beams, which are laid on a 3-meter wall. If the ceiling is interfloor, then the beams should be removed from each other by 1.25 meters, in the case of an attic floor, the distance increases to 1.85 meters. This indicates that as the width of the span increases, the distance between the beams becomes larger.

Technology of work

If you overlap the floors between floors in a private house made of wood, the elements are initially treated with an antiseptic. When they are supported on a concrete or stone wall, the ends turn into two layers of roofing material, and the beam is put into the prepared nest. In this case, the element should not reach the back wall by 3 centimeters, the end of the beam should be made beveled. The remaining free space is filled with thermal insulation, which can be replaced with a mounting foam.

On the side edges of the beams are strengthened bars 4x4 or 5x5, which are called cranium. The rolls are fixed on a roll of wooden shields. Plate plates are tightly pressed against each other, they are attached to the cranial bar with the help of self-tapping screws. When overlaps are made between floors in a private house, the photo is recommended to be considered in advance. This will allow you to understand that the design requires the installation of insulation. It will act as a noise absorbing layer, and in the attic ceiling - the function of thermal insulation. As a material, foam, claydite, sawdust, mineral wool, shavings, straw, as well as woody foliage can be used. After fixing the rolling, heat insulation is laid on top. Between the beams, first lay a layer of roofing, vapor barrier film or glassine, bending the material five centimeters on the beams. After it is the turn of laying the layer of thermal insulation.

Construction of concrete floors

Concrete slabs between floors in a private house can have different forms. If we are talking about monolithic structures, then they represent a solid slab whose thickness is equal to the limit of 8 to 12 centimeters. In this case, concrete M 200 is used, the plate itself is supported by bearing walls. The weight of a square meter of this overlap can be 490 kilograms, if the thickness is 200 millimeters. Installation is carried out in several stages, the first is the installation of load-bearing beams on the prepared place, then the wooden formwork is made of unedged boards, and the next stage is laid 6 mm reinforcement. At the final stage, concrete is poured. The thickness of the floors between floors in a private house can be equal to the above limit, but it is also important to build a formwork that is sometimes purchased in ready-made form. It consists of telescopic racks, beams, plywood, and also a tripod. If you use formwork made of aluminum or wooden beams, the master will be able to construct an overlap of any configuration.

Conclusion

Overlapping between floors in a private house made of aerated concrete is usually made of wood, since the weight of the material at the base of the walls is not so large as to suffer loads from the concrete.