How to make an attic floor? Device Features

Arrangement of an attic in a private house is one of the final stages of construction. This room can be used for a variety of purposes. But most often this space is allocated for various engineering communications, equipment. Depending on the mode of operation of this room, the attic floor is also equipped .

Inside such a room, the temperature is usually not much different from street indicators. Therefore, the living quarters should be separated from it qualitatively by means of overlappings. How the whole process happens, it is necessary to know before starting work.

Functions of the attic floor

призвано изолировать жилое помещение от мансарды. Attic overlapping of the house is designed to isolate the living area from the attic. This is necessary for a number of reasons. In a private house, the attic is almost never heated. Therefore, in winter the temperature will not be higher than outside the building. The ceilings do not let cold air into the living quarters. Therefore, one of their main functions is thermal insulation.

If the attic does not settle down as a living space, there is no need to create a soundproofing here. Overlapping the owners of the house will go very rarely. Most often there is a different equipment. It has a certain cumulative weight. Therefore, another function of overlapping is the creation of a solid base capable of withstanding such a load.

The presented construction is important when building a house. From the correctness of the work on its creation depends the comfort, safety of the people living here. The durability of the structure also depends on the quality of the attic floor.

Types of overlapping

Bearing elements of the construction when creating a private house can be metal and wooden beams. They are placed on special columns or walls. Depending on the material, there are standards for the size of the spans of beams.

может покрывать расстояние между несущими опорами не более 4 м. Для загородного или частного дома этого вполне достаточно. A wooden attic ceiling can cover the distance between the bearing supports not more than 4 m. For a country or private house this is quite enough. Due to the relatively inexpensive cost of such material, it is most often used for such purposes.

Reinforced concrete and metal beams are used in the construction of apartment buildings. But wood remains in demand in summer and private construction. Its weight is relatively small. Therefore, for its installation, you do not need to use a tap. But with the arrangement of floors, it is necessary to comply with clear requirements of building regulations.

Building Requirements

, необходимо четко выполнить все санитарно-гигиенические требования. Creating an attic ceiling on wooden beams , you need to clearly fulfill all the sanitary and hygienic requirements. When building it is required to create a system that would withstand a temperature difference between the lower part of the attic room and the living rooms below it at a fixed level. According to the existing building requirements, this figure should not exceed 4 ° C.

To do this, it is necessary to arrange the thermal insulation layer correctly. In this case, the heater must be protected from moisture and condensation. Such a negative situation for the construction can occur due to leakage of steam from the rooms under the attic through the slots of the ceiling.

If the installation is not properly installed, dew will accumulate in the attic. In such an environment, the material will collapse, fungus and mold will appear. These negative consequences can be prevented if a high-quality vapor barrier layer is installed.

Breathability

The specified rate of temperature difference depends on the air permeability, which is characterized by attic overlap. This indicator depends on the density of the laying of materials. A special technology is used to eliminate the passage of air through the floors. This also helps prevent mechanical damage to the insulation layer.

To eliminate the effect of penetration of air flows through the elements of overlap, it is necessary to use a special material. And in the process of the master must necessarily prevent the appearance of cold zones. They arise because of the difference in thermal resistance between the beams and the filler between them. In wooden floors it is much lower.

Therefore, the beam elements are insulated over the entire surface. Otherwise, the end result will be unsatisfactory.

Constituents of overlapping

состоит из нескольких обязательных элементов. The construction of the attic floor consists of several mandatory elements. They create a unified system. Materials should be considered in sequence from the attic to the room below it.

First of all, the structure has an upper skin, which is equipped with an airtight substrate. Followed by wooden beams. They create the frame of the system and create the necessary strength of the overlap.

Under the beams the insulation is mounted. This layer is installed on the vapor barrier. It is this material that protects the heater and the wooden elements of the structure from the formation of condensation and rot. The lowest layer is the ceiling sheathing.

The wooden beam, used in construction, should be a diameter of 150x100 or 250x200 mm. If boards are used, their cross-section must be in the range from 100x40 to 250x80 mm. These materials should be characterized by high quality. Wood must be dry and free of defects.

Creating a wooden floor

требует выполнения ряда требований. The attic structure requires a number of requirements. If the boards are to be applied to the arrangement of the structure, and not the bar, it is necessary to carry out work to strengthen the system. This will avoid twisting and sagging under load.

The boards must be mounted in 60 cm increments. They need to be paneled on both sides with rigid slabs thicker than 1.2 cm. For example, it can be chipboard, plywood, OSB , etc. This will increase the bearing capacity of the flooring from wood.

To install was made quickly and simply, on the bottom of the beam before the installation fill the crate, and on top - lags. In the first case you need racks with a cross section of 2 x 9 cm. They are attached perpendicular to the beams in 60 cm increments. It is necessary to use self-cutters 4 cm longer than the total thickness of the sheets to be installed. They are mounted in steps of 20 cm. You do not need to cover the lag.

Installation of wooden beams

после проведенной работы можно монтировать на опоры. Attic overlapping after the performed work can be mounted on supports. Beams are laid on a brick or concrete wall masonry. The ends of the overlap elements that come into contact with these load-bearing elements of the structure are treated with an antiseptic, wrapped with waterproofing. Beveled end should be left open. Between it and the wall there is a small gap.

If the beam is applied during installation, it is supported on the wall in depth by 15-20 cm, and boards - by 10 cm. The ends of the elements of the construction are fixed on the walls. For this, metal bonds are used. At the bottom of the floors it is recommended to install drywall. This will enhance fire safety. Their thickness should be at least 1.2 cm.

Warming

. At the final stage, you need to know how to insulate the attic floor . For this, mineral wool plates can be used. They are mounted between the beams. The thickness of such plates can be different. It is chosen depending on the existing conditions of the structure. A special table developed by professional engineers is used.

Thermal insulation must be protected with a polyethylene film. It will serve as a hydrobarrier for moisture penetrating from the lower rooms. These layers must cover the entire area of the attic. Applying modern high-quality materials can significantly extend the life of the structure. The microclimate in the living quarters will be healthy due to the absence of mold and fungus in the attic.

выполненное по всем нормам и правилам, будет качественным и долговечным. Attic overlap, executed according to all norms and rules, will be of high quality and durable. Wood will not be exposed to rotting processes, so it will not break down. If all the requirements are met, the floor in the attic will be able to accommodate the layman himself.