Orthoepy is ... pronunciation of words. Section of phonetics

Orthoepia in Greek means "right speech". But it should be noted that the term itself has two meanings. The first of these is the norms of the language, among which there are pronouncing and supersegmental. And the second meaning is that this is one of the sections of linguistics that studies the basic rules of oral speech.

Features of definition of the concept

So far, the scope of this concept is not fully established. There are linguists who view it very narrowly. They invest in the definition and norms of oral speech, and the rules by which grammatical forms of the word are formed. For example: candles - candles, heavier - heavier, etc. Other experts say that orthoepia is the correct pronunciation of words and accents in them.

Orthoepy and its sections

As already mentioned above, this section of phonetics. It covers the entire phonetic system of the Russian language. The subject of studying this science is the norms of pronunciation of words. The concept of "norm" means that there is one correct variant, which completely corresponds to the main laws of language and the pronunciation system.

The main sections of this science are the following:

1. Norms of pronunciation of consonant and vowel sounds.

2. Pronunciation of words that are borrowed from other languages.

3. Pronunciation of some grammatical forms.

4. Features of pronouncing styles.

Why do we need speech norms?

Orphoepic or pronunciation norms are necessary to serve the literary Russian language - one that is used in speech and for writing by a cultured and educated person. This speech unites all those who speak Russian. They are also necessary in order to overcome those differences in communication that exist between people. Moreover, along with grammatical and spelling, orthoepic norms are no less important. People find it difficult to perceive a speech that is different from the pronunciation they are used to. They begin to analyze what the interlocutor says, instead of delving into the meaning of what has been said. Linguistics distinguishes the concepts of colloquial and literary speech. People who have a high level of intelligence, higher education, use the literary language in communication. It is also used for writing art works, newspaper and magazine articles, in television and radio broadcasting.

Primary importance

A lot of people today do not understand the meaning of the word "orthoepia" and do not pay much attention to it. In their communication, they use a dialect spoken by many residents of the locality in which they live. And as a result of improperly pronouncing words, put stress not on the syllables that you need. Very often when communicating, you can determine the type of activity of a person and his intellect. Educated people will say [documment], not [document], as one can often hear on the street.

Objectives and objectives of science

It is important to note that orthoepy is a science whose main task is to teach correct pronunciation of sounds and accentuation. Quite often in colloquial speech one can hear [kolidor] instead of [corridor]. The sound [t] in the word computer is pronounced softly. When the emphasis is incorrectly placed, the speech is distorted and made ugly. This is especially true of very old people. They were brought up at a time when educated citizens did not perceive society, and in fashion was a wrong, warped speech. Orthoepy is necessary in order to help speak beautifully and correctly. This is necessary not only for teachers and writers - today many want to be educated. Therefore, this science strives to teach everyone to clearly pronounce the sounds and correctly put stress in words. Today, literate people are in demand in the labor market. The person who has the right speech, has every chance to become a politician, a successful businessman, or just to build a good career. Russian orthoepia is now very important for most residents of our country, and they are paying more attention to it.

Fundamental rules

Unfortunately, mistakes are often made in the speech from the TV screen. Many celebrities or politicians put the wrong emphasis in words. Some speak so consciously, while others do not even suspect that they have pronounced the word incorrectly. Avoiding such misunderstandings is very simple - you must first use the dictionary. Or you can read the rules that offer orthoepia. Words in Russian sometimes have several variants of pronunciation. For example, the accent in the word alphabet can be on both the second and third syllables. Also, before the sound [e], consonants can be pronounced differently. But dictionaries always indicate the main option and allowable. Scientists-philologists very carefully study all the rules and regulations. Before they approve a certain version of the pronunciation, they check how widespread it is, what connection it has with the cultural heritage of all generations. Of no small importance is the extent to which this version corresponds to certain linguistic laws.

Pronunciation styles

We found out that orthoepy is a science that pays special attention to pronunciation. Now it should be noted that there are certain styles of speech that are used to communicate in society:

- for the colloquial-prostrate characteristic of the informal environment, it is used by people for communication in a close circle;

- in scientific circles the book style is used, its distinctive feature is the clear pronouncing of sounds and phrases;

- intelligent people who know the orthoepic rules well, have a literary style.

In order to easily master the literary language, there are certain norms that fall into the main sections: the pronunciation of consonants and vowels, grammatical word forms and borrowed words.

Phonetics and Orthoepy

The Russian language is very rich and diverse. There is a lot of information about how to correctly pronounce words and put accents in them. In order to understand all the phonetic patterns, it is necessary to have special knowledge that will help in all this to understand.
The main difference is that orthoepy is a science that distinguishes the only variant of pronouncing sounds, which corresponds to the norms, and phonetics allows for various variants.

Examples of correct pronunciation

For clarity, it is necessary to give examples that will help to clearly define the rules of pronunciation. So, in borrowed words before the sound [e], consonants can be pronounced both firmly and gently. For this, there are orthoepic norms that remind you of what words you need to pronounce sounds firmly, and in which - it is soft. For example, in words the declaration, temperament, the museum [m] is pronounced softly. And in words the dean and the pace are firm. So it is with the combination of sounds [chn]. Phonetic laws are allowed to be pronounced as written, or to be replaced by [shn] (sku [shn] o, sku [shn] o). And in accordance with the orthoepic norms should be pronounced only [boringly]. This science is also strict in the case of accent. So, it is necessary to speak not [alphabet], but [alphabet], not [cook], but [kukonny], not [zvonit], but [zvonit]. Knowledge of these rules is very important for a modern person, since correct pronunciation is an indicator of the level of culture of both the individual and society as a whole.