The predicate is the main member of the sentence. Semantic and grammatical features of the predicate

The subject and the predicate are linguistic concepts associated with the study of the structure of the sentence. Both these members are recognized as the main ones and represent the grammatical basis of the proposal, its semantic center.

Between them there is a close grammatical and lexical connection. It is often possible to find a predicate in a sentence through its relation to the subject, and the subject - through its relationship to the predicate.

Semantic features of the predicate

If the subject calls an object, then the predicate names the characteristic that this object is characterized by. It can be some kind of action, condition, property, quality, quantity, generic notion or belonging. Let us give some examples.

1. "Father went to the window." The predicate "approached" expresses the action of the object, called the "father" subject.
2. "Veronica was happy." The compound predicate "was happy" denotes the state of the object expressed by the subject "Veronica".
3. "Drops of rain poured gems in the sun." Here the predicate - this phrase "poured by gems", it characterizes the property of raindrops in the sun.
4. "The clothes were worn." The predicate "turned out to be shabby" expressed the quality of the object designated by the subject "clothes".
5. "Three times three is nine." Here, both principal terms are expressed by numerals. The predicate expressing the number is the word "nine".
6. "Potato - vegetable culture". The predicate "vegetable culture" is a generic concept.
7. "Bantik - Anyutkin, shoes are mine". In this sentence, with two fundamentals, the predicate "Anyutkin" and "my" are expressed respectively with a noun and pronoun, and they denote belonging.

Three semantic tasks of the predicate in the sentence

"What does an object do? What is happening to him? Who is he or what is it? What is it? "- these are the questions that can be asked for the predicate. Thus, this member of the proposal is able to solve three main tasks:

• Calls the action that the subject produces: "The pain subsided."
• He calls the action that the subject feels on himself: "The house was completely inhabited by people."
• Fixes the subject as a possessor of a certain sign: "His intentions were serious."

In the role of the predicate

Most often the performer of the role of the predicate in the sentence is the verb. A predicate can consist of one or more verbs in a personal form. Example: "The bird sang - poured."

The predicate can also be expressed by other parts of speech and syntactic constructions.

• Nouns: "London is the capital of Great Britain".
• Adjectives: "Southern night - warm, velvet".
• Numbers: "Five five-twenty-five."
• Adverbs: "Hands together, legs apart".
• Communion: "Tea is drunk, cheesecakes are eaten."
• A pronoun: "Ten percent of the transaction is mine."
• Phraseological turnover: "Frightened, Kostya gave a drone, only he was seen."
• The whole sentence: "Good health is when you forget about it." In this case, the predicate is a construction consisting of the sentence "this is when you forget about it".

Species of the predicate

It can be simple and complex.

The simple is called a simple verbal predicate, since it can be expressed by verbs in its various forms-in the indicative mood in all three times (present, future, past), in the imperative and conditional moods, in an indefinite form, in the non-conjugate form of the verb "there is ".

The compound predicate combines two elements, one of which is basic, and the other is an auxiliary one. This predicate is divided into two types - compound nominal and compound verb. In the first, the ligament part of the predicate is expressed by some of the names - noun, numerative, adjective, adverb, pronoun, participle, and in the second - an infinitive. Examples:

1. "Vera Ivanovna began to read me notations." Compound. Gl. The predicate is expressed by the verb of wives. Kind, unit. Hours, past. Time "began" and the infinitive "read".
2. "The holiday will be great!" Names. The predicate is the combination of the verb future. Time, 3 liters., Units. H. "Get" and the adjective "splendid".

Homogeneous predicates

Homogeneous names of those members of the proposal, which on an equal footing refer to the same word. For example, homogeneous predicates are lexemes that refer to the same subject, answer one question. They can be joined by unions or separated by commas, marked with enumerative intonation. Examples:

• "He asked, pleaded, persuaded, but she did not flinch and did not yield." The predicate "asked, pleaded, persuaded" - homogeneous. They, answering the question "what did?", Refer to the subject "he". The predicate "did not flinch and did not yield" - they are also homogeneous, they are connected by the union and refer to the subject "she". The question to them is: "What did you do?"
• "Maxim saw Lilya and stood up in his tracks." In this sentence, the simple predicate "saw" is homogeneous and the stable expression "stood up as if dead". They both refer to the subject "Maxim" and answer one question: "What did you do?"

In the syntactic analysis, the predicate is always emphasized by two traits, no matter how many of them are in the sentence.