Orthoepic norms of the Russian language - what is it?

The very word "orthoepia" of Greek origin and exactly according to the roots is translated as "correct speaking". By "right speaking" is meant the normative pronunciation of all sounds of the language and correctly placed accents.

Literary Russian language and literary speech

There is such a thing - modern literary Russian language (otherwise - SLRYA). This is a huge complex of words and acceptable forms, which are the norm. SLRY must be used on radio, on television and in other media, on it they communicate in official situations and in public places with strangers. But, in addition to the literary language, there is literary speech, that is, a set of laws and rules that correspond to the norm of pronunciation of certain sounds or words. The orthoepic norms of the Russian language are these laws. They are used in the same media.

We do not speak the way we write

The principle on which the Russian orthography is based is the invariable form of the morpheme in word formation. That is, how the root or the suffix was decided to be written once, so they will use it in all words with this morpheme (every rule has its exceptions, so there are such phenomena as alternation in the root of the vowels). However, it is clear that we can not always pronounce morphemes equally, even if we write like that. Our language tries to somehow ease its duties, slightly changing sounds, shortening the path from the place of formation of one sound to another, and as a result words are pronounced slightly differently than they are written. It turns out that the orthoepic norms of the Russian language - these are the laws by which you need to correctly distort words when pronouncing. These rules are compiled by linguists based on the pronunciation of the central areas of importance in Russia - Moscow and St. Petersburg, in short.

Basic orthoepic norms of the Russian language

A) Icahn is one of the laws by which words change when pronounced. Icicle is the transformation of e into and into a non-shocked position.

B) Loping is a transformation into a unstressed position.

B) Akane - this is the transformation of a in a unstressed position.

D) Stun is a change in the pronunciation of a sonorous sound on the corresponding pair of deaf in certain positions, before another deaf for example.

E) The voicing is a change in the pronunciation of a deaf sound to the corresponding pairing voiced in certain positions - before the sonorous (always sonorous), at the beginning of the words or before the vowel.

These are only the main and most significant laws. In addition to them, there is still the normal pronunciation of each letter, the correct stresses in words and so on.

Changes in pronunciation norms

Naturally, the orthoepic norms of the modern Russian language may differ from the norms, say, of the XIV century: then in their daily life the Russian person had a completely different set of languages and another vocabulary. In contrast to SLRY, literary speech is owned or may not be owned by far not all. In different regions of Russia the sound of words is distorted in different ways: in the Vologda region, for example, circumlocution is widespread, that is, a change in an unstressed position, and in the south the letter d is pronounced in the Ukrainian manner, with softening.

Orthoepy in foreign languages

In the languages of other countries, too, there are laws of distortion of words, the same as the orthoepic norms of the Russian language. Some of them even influenced the spelling. In Byelorussian, for example, the phonetic principle of writing is generally used, that is, in the case of word-formation, the original form of morpheme can be changed if its pronunciation has changed. And in Turkish, Finnish and some others, such a phenomenon as sinharmonism or otherwise - the harmony of vowels is common. The fact is that, due to the grammatical features of the language, the words in it can be very long, and the language is simply not able to pronounce so many different vowels and consonants. Therefore, there is a synharmonic - the assimilation of all vowels of the word by one percussion.
Over time, the orthoepic norms of the Russian language change. In some cases, for example with accents, this happens quite quickly. But nevertheless, the ability to master modern literary Russian speech is necessary for an intelligent person.