Order and grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship

Every year, the number of those who wish to acquire citizenship of our country increases several times. Ha it's everyone has their reasons. Ho to own a Russian passport, one desire is not enough. We need a good reason for obtaining Russian citizenship.

Turning to the law

To understand who has the right to expect to obtain a Russian passport, it is necessary to turn to the federal law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation" of 31.05.2002. To be precise - to Chapter 11. It is there that you can find answers to the question as to what grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship exist today. Four points are prescribed. So, the passport of the Russian Federation can be acquired:

• By birth.
• Through the restoration of Russian citizenship.
• As a result of granting the immigrant the status of a subject of our country.
• For other reasons stipulated by the current Federal Law or the agreement of the Russian Federation of international significance.

In general, these provisions are very blurry, so it's worth digging into the details in order to understand this topic.

General order

The 13th article of this Federal Law describes in detail how the acquisition of Russian citizenship is carried out on a general basis. It states that every adult capable person has the right to do so. But only in the event that he:

• Obliged to observe the legislation of the state and the Constitution.
• Has a legitimate source of income for existence.
• Refused the previous citizenship. But there are exceptions provided for by the international treaty of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law.
• He speaks Russian at a conversational level.
• He lives in Russia for 5 years from the moment he was issued a residence permit. This period is considered continuous if a person leaves the country for no more than 3 months in one year.

Exceptions

On the last point there are interesting nuances. The term of residence can be reduced to one year if the person applying for citizenship is:

• Has high achievements in the field of culture, engineering and science, or a profession of interest to the Russian Federation.
• Needs political asylum.
• Is a refugee.

And some people do not need any grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship from the above. This applies to individuals who have special merit in Russia. The same applies to citizens of states that used to be part of the USSR, who served at least three years on contract to the RF Armed Forces or other military formations.

Simplified scheme

So, above were briefly described the grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship. In simplified order, everything looks even more elementary and simple. To understand the essence of the process, you only need to read the 14th article of the same federal law. It says about the categories of people who have the right to apply, without obtaining residence permits and not living the required five years. So, these are foreigners who:

• Earlier possessed citizenship CCCP or were born in territory of RSFSR.
• They have at least one parent with Russian citizenship, who also resides in Russia.
• Earlier, they had a passport of the USSR, but at the moment they do not have any passport. In other words, they are stateless persons.

These cases are the simplest and most common. All three grounds for acquiring citizenship are weighty. Many people have issued passports on these terms.

Other categories

Yes, that's not all. There are other grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship in a simplified procedure. Immigrants can apply for a Russian passport if they:

• Disabled and have an adult child with a Russian passport.
• They have been married for more than three years to a man who is a Russian citizen.
• They have a child with Russian citizenship. In this case it is permissible to approve the application if the second parent, who was a Russian, turned out to be incompetent, deprived / restricted in the right of guardianship, missing or deceased.
• Have an adult incapacitated child who has Russian citizenship. In this case, the application is approved taking into account the same conditions that were listed in the previous paragraph.
• They received higher education after 01.07.2002 on the basic educational programs with state accreditation, and at least three years after the diploma was awarded for the benefit of Russia, paying the proper taxes to the Pension Fund.
• They conduct legal business in the territory of the Russian Federation for three years. At the same time, the amount of fees and taxes paid must be at least 1 000 000 rubles.
• Invest at least 10% in an enterprise operating according to the type of activity established by the government of the Russian Federation. Its authorized capital must be at least 100,000,000 rubles. The amount of taxes and fees paid by the entrepreneur should start from 6,000,000 r.
• For three years they work by profession, which is on the list of specialties that allow for the simplified acquisition of citizenship by a foreigner.

As you can see, there are not so few ways to find a Russian passport. A person who does not fit alone can always take advantage of another. If you invest several million rubles in the development of business not everyone can get a demanded specialty and work for it for several years is quite real.

Obtaining a TDOA

The most difficult stage involves the issuance of a temporary residence permit (RWP). This is the first stage after obtaining a visa, which will have to pass to an alien who does not have a preferential basis for obtaining Russian citizenship. For its registration, however, almost the same documents are needed. Here is their list:

• Application of the standard form in duplicate.
• National and foreign passports.
• Copy of the spouse's passport (s), if available.
• Marriage certificate.
• Two photos. For a person without citizenship - three.
• Certificates of the birth of children (if any).
• Migration card.
• Document on the registration.
• Medical certificate on the absence of dangerous diseases.
• The results of the exam on the Russian language and the history of the Russian Federation.
• Fingerprinting.
• Receipt for payment of state duty.

Waiting for a decision usually takes 2 months. Then, shortly before the expiration of the first year after the issuance of the RWP, the foreigner will need to provide the FMS with a certificate confirming his income.

Getting a residence permit

So, above it was told that the grounds and procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship is determined by the Federal Law. In principle, there are more opportunities to become Russian subjects than it seems. But not all people correspond to any of the above categories. Many have to issue a residence permit. And here is the circle of applicants entitled to receive this document:

• Adult foreigners who received RWP in the Russian Federation.
• Highly qualified specialists.
• Persons with incompetence with a guardian who has a RWP, residence permits or citizenship of the Russian Federation.
• Citizens of Turkmenistan and Belarus.
• Russian speakers with supporting documents.
• Persons participating in the resettlement program.
• Political refugees.
• People who in the past renounced Russian citizenship.

Persons belonging to these categories are usually issued a residence permit.

Submission of documents on general grounds

Well, all the nuances concerning the preliminary processes were listed. And if a person who has a basis for obtaining Russian citizenship, all of them took into account, he can start collecting documents and go to the FMS for filing an application. Here is what you need to present:

• The questionnaire of the established sample.
• Residence permit.
• Foreign passport (must remain valid for another 6 months).
• Certificate of birth and marriage (if the applicant changed his name in connection with him).
• An extract from the house book.
• A copy of the personal account.
• Diploma in the apostille.
• Refusal of former citizenship.
• Retirement certificate (if available).
• Results of the exam in Russian.
• Receipt for payment of state duty (at the moment the amount is 2,000 r).

It is important to note that in the foreign passport there must be a stamp confirming the alien's right to temporarily live on the territory of the Russian Federation. A notarized copy of this page is also required.

List of documents for "privileged" cases

As you might guess, the grounds for simplified citizenship of the Russian Federation imply that the immigrant provides a less extensive package of documents. And there is. The list consists of only 7 sub-items. Here's what you need to present:

• The questionnaire.
• Inquiries confirming the identity of the applicant.
• Certificate of active nationality or its absence.
• Registration.
• A document confirming the change of name (if it was).
• Three photos (black and white or color).
• Receipt for payment of state duty.

This is the main list of securities. Of course, depending on the specific case, it will be replenished. Name any three grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship - and get several more lists with the same number of items. There may be a certificate of the applicant's citizenship of the USSR, a document on incompetence, a diploma, a paper on employment, etc. In any case, the list should be specified on an individual basis.

Reintegration

This is the procedure that allows a person to return a previously lost status of a citizen of the Russian Federation. To conduct it, you need to present the following list of documents:

• Application form (2 copies).
• Papers on the assignment of residence permit.
• A certificate confirming the fact that a person has actually lost his Russian citizenship before.
• Confirmation of a legal source of income.
• Results of the exam in Russian.
• Refusal of former citizenship.

If all the papers are collected, then the reintegration will be carried out quickly. In this procedure, legislation is as loyal as possible.

Conditions for children

If foreigners who decide to obtain Russian citizenship have children, then they will also have to collect a similar package of documents.

A child of 14 to 18 years of age will have to give written consent. It will confirm his readiness and personal conscious desire to obtain Russian citizenship. If the child is not 14 years old, then this consent is filled by two parents. Children when submitting applications to the FMS should also be present. The only exception is those that have not yet entered the conscious age.

Terms and expectation

Many more nuances can be told about the basis and procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship. It is impossible not to mention the timing.

The procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship is complex and long. If a foreigner submits documents on general grounds, then he will have to wait until one year. Therefore it is strongly recommended that you carefully collect the documents for filing. An error will be found - it is necessary to start all over again.

If a person submits an application under simplified conditions, the waiting period will be about six months. It can be reduced to three months. But only if the immigrant is a native speaker of the Russian language, a citizen of Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan or a participant in the resettlement program.

In any case, the person will be informed of the FMS decision within 30 days from the date of its issuance.

Who can refuse?

Now that every ground for obtaining Russian citizenship has been studied, you can refer to article No. 16. It describes the situations in which immigrants can be legally denied registration of a Russian passport. So, a person should not expect to receive Russian citizenship if he:

• Actively advocates for changing the Constitution or in any other way creates a threat to the security of the country.
• One way or another, it is connected with interethnic, international or interterritorial conflicts. This category includes terrorists, extremists, as well as all persons who have anything to do with them.
• Participated in the preparation or committed actions for which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for civil, administrative, or criminal liability.
• Has restrictions on entry to the territory of Russia due to the fact that he was previously deported from the country for one reason or another.
• When filing an application, he reported false information about himself.
• Serves for the benefit of another state (exceptions are possible).
• Has an outstanding or not removed conviction, imposed for intentional violation of the law.
• Is a suspect / persecuted for the commission of a crime.

Proceeding from all listed, it is possible to declare with confidence, that the bases for refusal in reception of citizenship of the Russian Federation really powerful and logically reasoned.