State-owned enterprise - what is it? Unitary enterprise, state enterprise

There is a rather large number of forms of ownership. Unitary and state enterprises are both important for economic life, and little known to the general man in the street. Therefore, within the framework of this article, this defect will be corrected.

general information

The state enterprise is the state subject of economic activity. What is its feature? The point here is that they belong to the "treasury" of the state. This means that these firms are governed by the government. Whether directly or indirectly, it can influence a very large number of issues, including: pricing policy, financial incentives for employees, directive planning and other points.

The state enterprise is engaged in concluding agreements with various organizations on the supply of goods that cover the needs of the state. The latter provides them with financial assistance, benefits in the matter of public procurement, gives protection from bankruptcy and much more. Despite the fact that the state enterprise operates under conditions of strict disciplinary responsibility (theoretically), it is not necessary to speak about its economic efficiency. In fact, as a rule, such firms are forced out of the market system. They are budgetary subjects of economic activity.

Practical implementation

How does the state government enterprise work? Initially, it should be noted that the support of such organizations is a fairly large part of the budget. The effectiveness of the use of funds largely depends on the management system used. Now there is a tendency to note the amount of this type of economic entities to a reasonable minimum.

Different countries can share different experiences of creation and management, with which they approach such firms as a state enterprise and an institution. Because of this, the transfer of the developments of one country to another is difficult. The only thing that is common is management with the help of ministries and in some cases special commissions. Let us consider an example with the Russian Federation. How does the municipal government enterprise operate here? Or federal? What features are there?

Realities of the Russian Federation

Legislative base in our country is the law "On the reform of state enterprises". Manages the subject of economic activity the authority that approved the composition. At the same time, it should be noted that the immediate head of the institution or enterprise still has a certain independence. Therefore, it can not be called an appendage for the state apparatus.

So, a typical federal state-owned enterprise has preferences. For example, it employs a competitive system of recruitment for the highest positions. In addition, an independent expert evaluation of activities is used here, and important decisions are often taken collectively. The branch body also creates a council, committee or commission for management. This is the most effective approach due to the fact that it saves on organizational expenses and simultaneously monitors the activity of the created subject.

And what else?

It is envisaged that such subjects of economic activity should have in their name the words: "federal" or "municipal state enterprise". In addition, there should be an indication of the owner of the property. Such firms must be in the place of their state registration.

Also, every state enterprise must possess a postal address. If it changes, then it is necessary to notify the body that deals with the state registration of legal entities. Management of state-owned enterprises can be carried out at the highest level if they produce products of extreme importance. Also, it should be noted the differences that exist within the group of subjects of economic activity under consideration.

Unitary Enterprise

What is the feature here? This is the name of the federal government enterprise, which is based on the right of operational control. His legal position is quite specific. So, on the one hand, it was created in order to carry out certain work, provide services, produce products, that is, perform commercial activities. On the other hand, economic activity can be realized through the use of budgetary funds, which are allocated by the federal treasury.

Thus, a unitary enterprise is a specific legal entity that occupies an intermediate place between a non-commercial organization. To avoid abuse in this case, such a subject of economic activity can be created only through a decision of the Government of the Russian Federation. And only on the basis of property that is in federal ownership.

Federal state-owned factories

Let's look at this kind of view. Federal state-owned factories are created to solve specific problems (for example, the production of tanks). They can also be reorganized on the basis of already existing facilities. In the latter case, it is prohibited by law to reduce the number of jobs and refuse to accept employees who were here before the changes. Also, you can not transfer the property of the enterprise to other persons. At the same time, the law stipulates that it can be alienated only with the consent of the governing body, which initiated the creation of a public institution. Also the last is obliged:

1. Provide reporting in accordance with established forms.
2. The head bears personal responsibility for the result of economic activity of the economic entity headed by him.
3. Federal funds must be used exclusively for their intended purpose.
4. The types of activity are specified, as well as the distribution of the profits received.

Specificity

If we talk about the direct management of a state enterprise, this task is entrusted to the director. He acts on the principle of one-man management. Appoint and release him from his post can only the federal government body that was engaged in approving its composition. At the same time, the RF bears subsidiary responsibility for the obligations of such a subject of economic activity.

In other words, the state takes all the risks that arise in connection with the activities of the enterprise. In an additional order, the Russian Federation is responsible for its debts with its property. And this means that due to the activity of one enterprise it can be recovered. It should also be noted that reorganization and liquidation can be carried out only by the government of the Russian Federation.

Examples of state enterprises

Where are such structures involved? With what specific goals are they created? Usually the state deploys its activities in those spheres that are of strategic importance for its existence or are simply not of interest to investors, but are important.

An example is the area of space exploration. On the whole planet there is only one private company that builds spacecraft. The main bulk of all work is carried out by state or allied (when several countries are united) structures. Alas, but there is no need to talk about getting significant quick profits. Therefore, for most entrepreneurs this area is not of interest.

Of the strategic sectors, mention should be made of agriculture and the defense industry. The satisfaction of the most basic needs of the population depends on the first. And in cases of interruptions in the supply of food products, we can confidently talk about the approach of hunger and human losses. Therefore, agriculture is supported by all states that care for their safety at least a little. Here, not only are large enterprises created and there are tough conditions, but there is also various incentive support. At the same time, the defense industry is concentrated almost entirely at state enterprises so that in case of conflict the enemy could not undermine the supply of the army through economic sabotage.

Conclusion

As you can see, state-owned state-owned enterprises have considerable importance in supporting the country's activities. In case of famine, a state reserve is organized - a special structure that is engaged in the formation of a food reserve. And there are a lot of similar examples. Although almost all attention was paid to the Russian Federation within the framework of the article, other states also act in this way.

The only question here is how much attention is paid to this aspect. Thus, the strategic reserve of this resource in the United States of America is considered an indicator of the activity of prospective purchases of oil in the world. The norm is the state when there are more than 600 million barrels. If the indicator is less than this number, a new large player will enter the market, which will massively buy it.