Philosophy of Aristotle

Aristotle is an ancient Greek philosopher who lived in the classical period. His teacher is Plato. Aristotle is the teacher of Alexander the Great.

The philosophy of Aristotle is complex and useful. The great philosopher asked not only questions of the world order, but also the person himself. A lot of time he devoted to the art of performances - rhetoric.

From the age of seventeen, the great thinker worked and studied at the Academy of Plato. Plato was his direct teacher. After spending twenty years in the Academy, he moved to the town of Pele, where Alexander the Great became his pupil. Next, he founded his own school, which he worked until his death. This school was called Likey.

The most famous works of this philosopher:

• "Rhetoric";
• "Metaphysics";
• "Policy";
• "Poetics";
• "Organon".

Philosophy of Aristotle

He left a lot of work that helped this science not only develop, but also to move to a higher level. The philosophy of Aristotle can be divided into three types:

• Theoretical - it studies the problems of existence, its various spheres, the causes of various kinds of phenomena, the origin of existence;
• Practical - studying the structure of the state, as well as human activities;
• Poetic.

They also distinguish the fourth kind - logic.

The philosophy of Aristotle has much in common with the philosophy of Plato. Often the first criticized his teacher. This was especially true of the issues of being - Aristotle was against pure ideas, because he believed that things directly depend on the state of the world, and also believed that everything in the world is unique, and this does not exist.

Aristotle said that there are no pure ideas that are not connected with the surrounding world, perhaps only the existence of individual, specifically defined things, a specific thing - an individual - it exists only in a specific place at a particular time.

Asking questions about being, the philosopher deduces his categories:

• Essence;
• Attitude;
• quantity;
• a place;
• position;
• time;
• act;
• state;
• suffering;
• quality.

Philosophy of Aristotle gives the following definition of being: an entity that possesses the properties of quantity, action, suffering, and so on.

All, except the essence, here are the properties of being - that is, what a person is capable of perceiving.

Philosophy of Aristotle also deals with the problems of matter. Matter is potency, which is limited by form. Reflecting on matter, the philosopher comes to the conclusion that all that exists on earth exists as a potentiality and form, reality is a sequence of transition from matter to form and vice versa, potency is a passive beginning and a form is active. He also came to the conclusion that God is the highest form of everything. God has a being outside of any essence.

The soul is the carrier of consciousness. It can be plant, animal, intelligent. The vegetable soul is responsible exclusively for food, reproduction, and for growth. Thanks to the animal soul, we can feel, and also desire. Reasonable soul helps to generalize and draw conclusions - only it distinguishes a person from the animal world.

Aristotle's social philosophy asserts that man is a highly organized animal that has speech, as well as thinking, and has a tendency to live with others like themselves. The need for oneself has made a man who he is. Man is a very social being. His sociality would not be so strong without language.

The political philosophy of Aristotle is also known. The philosopher distinguished six types of states :

• Tyranny;
• Monarchy;
• Aristocracy;
• The extreme oligarchy;
• Ochlocracy;
• Politics.

All types of state he divided into "bad", also "good." It is worth noting that he considered the best form of the state to be politics.