Mycelial fungi - what is it? What are mycelial fungi?

Mycelial fungi - what is it? Let's deal with this in more detail. Any mycelium consists of thin, branching usually white threads - hyphae. Of these, the very fruiting body also forms. In the higher fungi the mycelium is multicellular, in the lower ones - noncellular. Actually, the fruit body is capable of forming only hat-shaped varieties.

The role of fungi in nature

All types of biological life on earth are divided into three large groups: the kingdom of plants, animals and fungi. The latter is simply a huge variety of forms and types. All mushrooms, without exception, carry out in nature the role of original nurses, taking an active part in the processing of waste products of animals and humans, and also decomposing all sorts of dead organic substances. Hat representatives of the third biological kingdom are widely used by man and animals for food. Obtained from the tissues of certain species of enzymes contribute to the cure of a variety of diseases.

Structure

The fruit body of the cap-shaped varieties is attached to the mycelium by a foot. On a single structure, a huge number of them can grow. The mycelium of mushrooms (what it is, we have found out) consists of thin white threads that are capable of occupying huge spaces under the earth. Unlike plants, mushrooms do not bloom and do not give fruit or seeds. They reproduce usually by means of spores, formed when the fruit body dies. Once in a favorable environment, these small "dust particles" eventually give a new mycelium, after which the cycle repeats.

Varieties

Representatives of this biological kingdom are divided into three main groups:

• Hats and mushrooms. This is the most common group consumed by humans and animals. There are also poisonous varieties. All hat mushrooms are classified into tubular and lamellar.
• Moldy. They are divided into penicillas and mukor. Extremely interesting is the structure of the mycelium of the fungi of the latter species. It represents a single large, highly branched cell with many nuclei. The mycelium of penicilli consists of a multitude of cells separated by septa.
• Yeast. Instead of a mycelium, this species forms colonies. The very body of yeast fungi consists of one cell.

Methods of nutrition and reproduction

Hatter varieties grow mainly on the ground. The mycelium of fungi (what it is, you now know) by its entire surface draws nutrients dissolved in water from the ground. Some species also infect tree trunks or their roots. In this case, the substances necessary for growth and development enter the mycelium and the fruit body from their tissues. Lower mushrooms also often parasitize plants and even animals or humans.

These representatives of the biological kingdom can multiply not only by disputes. A rather common method is also the separation of pieces of mycelium. So the mycelium of penicillium fungus, hat-shaped species extends, etc. If you dig out a small part of the mycelium and move it to another place, under favorable conditions it will grow very fast and quickly. Yeasts, mycelia not having, reproduce by budding. Some species of fungi are able to form a zygote by fusing female and male cells.

Species cultivated by humans

Of course, such a useful representative of the biological kingdom is very often divorced artificially. In the main, hatched varieties of mushrooms and penicillas are grown. In the first case the main value is represented by a fruit body, from which it is possible to prepare delicious dishes. The most common species grown by humans are oyster mushrooms and champignon. Sometimes he breeds other mushrooms.

Mycelial fungus of the genus penicillium (mold) is grown mainly for the production of enzymes, from which antibiotics are subsequently manufactured. Penicillin is used to treat diseases such as peritonitis, endocarditis, osteo melitis, gonococci, etc. This substance was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.

Growing oyster mushrooms on your own: material preparation

This species of fungus in breeding is the most unpretentious. About how to grow it, and we'll talk further. In order to get a good harvest of cherries on your own country plot, you need to prepare the following:

• Actually the mushroom itself. "What is it?" Is not a question for you now. You can buy mycelium in the organizations that are engaged in breeding and sale.
• Several stumps are 35 - 55 cm long and 20 cm in diameter. You can not take material from coniferous trees. The fact is that the resin contained in such wood, on the mycelium acts disastrously. It is better to take stems from fruit trees - pears, apple trees, etc.
• Desiccated land with slugs of manure.
• Polyethylene film.

You will also need a hatchet and a hacksaw.

Time of disembarkation

Oyster mushrooms are usually planted in May. In this case, the main crop can be obtained in August or September. Next year, mushrooms will grow on stumps with might and main, and they can be collected in summer and autumn. However, in three years the old "beds", most likely, will have to be removed and begin the landing again.

Main job

Hemp for oyster mushrooms should be slightly spiked, but not rotten. Install them in shaded places with high humidity. It is possible near a stream under the trees, if it exists, near a well, etc.

Preliminary on the entire surface of the hemp and from above make short transverse shallow incisions. In the future, they will serve as a kind of "bed" for the mycelium. Further, the stumps are dug into the ground so that at the top there is a part of 15-30 cm.

Then half of the acquired mycelium is laid in the cuts made. One stump should account for about 300 gr. Further around each "bed" small grooves in the ground are made. In them lay the remaining mycelium of oyster mushrooms (mushrooms will grow here) and cover with moist soil mixed with humus. She also falls asleep and all the stumps whole. At the final stage they are covered with a polyethylene film, thus arranging a small "greenhouse".

In this state the stumps are left for three weeks. As soon as the first oysters appear on them, the film can be removed. Water the stumps about once a week.

How to grow mushrooms?

About what is a mycelial fungus of this species, you already know - like all others - a multicellular thread structure. To obtain a large number of fruit bodies it is necessary to provide him with optimal development conditions. Mushrooms are grown in cellars and cellars at a temperature of no more than 15-16 g. In the room where mushroom growing is planned, among other things, an effective ventilation system should be arranged. You should also ensure that there is no sunlight.

If desired, you can grow champignons and directly on the site. In this case, the garden is broken on the northern side of the house or under the trees. In this case, good ventilation should be provided. For breeding, in this case, a mycelium of ripening mushrooms is taken. When growing outdoors, it is important not to let fall on the ground with a mycelium precipitation. For this, the bed is covered with a film.

So, now you know what the mycelium of the penicillium kind of mushroom, and the capillary mycelium is. In different species, it can have a different structure - non-cellular or multicellular. Mycelium grows very quickly and if desired, on the site you can get an excellent harvest of the same veshenok or even champignons.