Leading plants of Omsk and Omsk region: history and modernity

Plants of Omsk and Omsk region occupy an important place in the economy of Russia. The strategic location in the very center of the country allows local companies to establish business partnerships with the East and the West. The region has developed aircraft construction, engineering, metallurgy, defense and electronics.

Pre-revolutionary development

Until the end of the 19th century, there was no factory production on the territory of the Omsk Region, where machines and steam engines would be used. The construction of the railway in 1890 changed the situation: a railway sawmill and a shpalopropotochnoe enterprise appeared near the railway line on the left bank of the Irtysh. Soon a brick factory and a mill were built near the station.

Only in 1893 appeared the first plant in Omsk, where a mechanical engine was installed. Before the revolution the largest production was the plow-building plant (today it is the Kuibyshev aggregate plant).

The First Five-Year Plan

Civil confrontation after the revolution led to the shutdown of enterprises. Only with the establishment of Soviet power in 1919 production began to recover. In particular, the metalworking factories of Omsk: the 1st mechanical plant, the Energia factory, the Red Plowman (before the Randrup plant) - were merged into the Metallotrest organization.

In the mid-20s, the largest enterprise in the region was the Siberian Agricultural Machinery Plant, whose number of employees exceeded 500 people. In 1938, the SNK of the USSR decided to build the Omsk Tire Plant, which is still the pride of the region. During the same period, a cord factory and a car assembly plant were built.

Military period

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War contributed to the explosive development of the region's industry. In 1941-1942 Omsk took over hundreds of large and small enterprises evacuated away from the front. The pillars of the defense sector are three production sites:

• Omsk plant them. Kuibyshev, united with the plant number 20 of the aviation industry's commissariat. They produced ammunition, including components for rockets.
• Leningrad Plant them. Voroshilov number 174. It was the assembly of the legendary T-34 tanks.
• Three Moscow aircraft factories (later merged into the aerospace enterprise Polet) started production of Tu-2 and Yak-9 aircraft.

In the spring of 1942, the production capacities of many enterprises of the medical, light and food industries were relocated to Omsk.

Post-war development

With the end of hostilities, the vast majority of manufactures remained in the city, which allowed the Omsk region to become one of the leading industrial centers of the USSR. In the 50-ies of the twentieth century the list of factories in Omsk replenished with the largest domestic oil refinery. Its construction began in November 1949, the first production was received on September 5, 1955. The Omsk refinery produces gasoline, fuel oil, diesel and other petrochemical products.

1959 was the year of birth of the soot plant in Omsk (today the carbon black plant). In 1960, the laying of another giant in petrochemicals - an enterprise for the production of synthetic rubber. The first rubber was received on October 24, 1962, and on May 15, 1963, the production of divinyl was mastered. Also in the 60s, large plants of gas equipment, oxygen engineering and others were launched.

By the 1980s, the agro-industrial, petrochemical and machine-building complexes were the most developed in the Omsk region. They accounted for 70% of the total industrial production of the region. The most important were the Omsk MPZ, the soot factory and the defense industry enterprises, among which was the POOL "Poljot".

In the era of market relations

The 1990s are characterized by an almost twofold decline in the regional economy. Machine building was particularly affected. For example, in 1995, the capacity utilization of OPK factories averaged no more than 40%. On the contrary, Omsk refinery showed enviable stability. He was and remains the leading Russian supplier of fuel in Russia.

List of factories in Omsk and Omsk region, which made the largest contribution to the regional budget:

• Omskenergo (electric power industry);
• "Sibneft - Omsk Refinery" (fuel);
• "Omskshina" (chemical);
• "Rosar" (food);
• Meat processing plant "Omsk" (food);
• Omsktehuglerod (chemical);
• Plant of transport engineering (machine building);
• ТФ "Omsk" (food);
• ATPP "Osh" (food);
• "Matador-Omskshina" (chemical).

By 2015, the leading sector of the regional economy is manufacturing. Omsk Refinery became the second largest refinery in the world (up to 29 million tons of oil annually) and the most technologically advanced in the country.

OAO Omskshina accounts for 20% of the produced tires in the Russian Federation. The brands of tires "Matador-Omskshina" and "Matador" are in demand on the domestic and foreign markets. The plant of technical carbon is one of the petrochemical leaders in Russia.

The growth of the state defense order contributed to the development of Omsk machine-building in the defense industry sector. Research Institute of Instrumentation became part of the concern "Orion", "Omsktransmash" was transferred to "Uralvagonzavod", Mo. Baranova entered the structure of the SPC of gas turbine construction "Salyut", the PO "Polet" was transformed from an independent enterprise into a branch of the State Scientific and Technical Center. Khrunichev. Inclusion of these factories in large holdings allowed them to gain access to public funding.