Korolevich Vladislav on the Russian throne: years of government and interesting facts

Vladislav IV was born on June 9, 1595. His father was Sigismund III. It was assumed that he would ascend to the throne of Russia in 1610. On August 27 (September 6) he swore allegiance to the Moscow court and people. Let's consider further, what became the son of the Polish king, King's son Vladislav.

General information

In accordance with the treaty of 1610, concluded at Smolensk between the Moscow court and Sigismund, the prince Vladislav was to receive power. In this case, almost immediately began coinage of the coin on his behalf. In 1610 Vasily Shuisky was deposed. However, the successor did not receive Orthodoxy and did not come to Moscow. Accordingly, he was not crowned for the royal throne. In October 1612 the boyar group that supported him was deposed.

Korolevich Vladislav: a short biography

His mother passed away three years after his birth. At that time, Ursula Meyerin enjoyed great influence at court. She raised Vladislav. Approximately in 1600, Ursula, apparently, lost some of its influence. Her pupil acquired new teachers, around him appeared quite different mentors. Among them, in particular, were Andrzej Sholdrsky, Gabriel Prevanciush, Marek Lentkovsky. In addition, the prince Vladislav had a friendship with Adam and Stanislav Kazanovsky. There is evidence that he was fond of painting, and later began to patronize the artists. The prince spoke only in Polish. However, he could read and write in Latin, Italian and German.

Diploma of Sigismund

The call of Prince Vladislav was very official. He and his father were sent a special letter. It laid down the basic conditions for the election of his king. In particular, according to the document, he was given power over all the cities after he accepted Christianity. Since he was a Protestant, he should have been baptized in Moscow. The future king was to protect the church from ruin, worship miraculous relics and honor them. It was not allowed to establish churches of a different faith in any city. It was not allowed to convert people forcibly into another religion. In no case was it allowed to take away from churches and monasteries land, money, crops. On the contrary, the prince had to allocate funds for the lives of ministers.

It was not allowed to introduce any changes in the ranks and positions that existed in the state, it was forbidden to put Lithuanian and Polish people to manage zemstvo affairs. They were not allowed to appoint them as voivodes, commanders, elders and governors. Previous patrimonial estates and estates for the owners were to be preserved. The change in state salaries was allowed only with the consent of the Duma. A similar rule extended to the adoption of laws, adjudication, especially death sentences.

The Commonwealth and Russia had to live in peace and conclude a military alliance. It was forbidden to take revenge for the deceased during the overthrow of False Dmitry the First. The parties also pledged to return the prisoners without any ransom. Trade rules and taxes should not have changed. In addition, the serfdom had to become a mutual one. A special decision was to be made regarding the Cossacks. Together with the Duma it was supposed to decide whether to be on Russian soil or not. After the wedding, it was necessary to cleanse the land of thieves and foreigners. The king was entitled to an indemnity. The fate of False Dmitry II was also decided in writing. He had to either catch or kill. Marina Mniszek was to be returned to Poland.

Semiboyarschina and the prince Vladislav (Smuta)

1610 was quite difficult for the Moscow court. Vasily Shuisky was overthrown by the Semiboyar. The 15-year-old descendant of Sigismund received the power in absentia. However, the father put forward conditions for the election of Prince Vladislav. First and foremost, Sigismund wanted the people to convert to Catholicism from Orthodoxy. Boyars, in turn, was asked to send Vladislav to Moscow for conversion to Christianity. Sigismund responded with a resolute refusal. However, he offered himself as regent-ruler of the country. This proposal was unacceptable for the boyars. All this led to hostile actions by the parties. In particular, Vladislav IV organized a military campaign. In 1616 he tried to regain power. He even managed to win in several battles. However, he could not capture Moscow. Despite the invitation of Prince Vladislav to the Russian throne, he did not take it. However, the title was retained for him until 1634.

The overthrow of the Semiboyar region

Given the situation, the most holy Hermogenes began to dissuade the Duma from calling Vladislav. However, the boyars stood firm. The fact is that they had been preparing a coup d'etat for a long time. Quite quickly was overthrown Shuisky, almost immediately signed an agreement with Sigismund. It remained only to bring Vladislav, baptize him and crown him. Hermogenes, realizing that the situation in the state does not develop as expected, begins to worry people. He sends letters to cities with calls to go to Moscow and overthrow the power of the Poles. For this he was tortured. However, the unrest in the people did not stop, but, on the contrary, intensified. As a result, an uprising took place under the leadership of Pozharsky and Minin. The people went to Moscow and deposed the Boyar Duma. Romanov ascended the throne.

conclusions

It is worth saying that 15-year-old Vladislav could not have been any literate king. At that time he was still unable to make decisions, and all the actions for him were carried out by his father. Moreover, Sigismund put conditions against the proposals of the Boyar Duma. At the same time, the Polish ambassadors were already at court and were not influenced by those or other decisions. Of course, the Moscow people did not like this. Perhaps the impetus for the uprising was the ignoring of traditions by Vladislav. They said that not only was he young and he could not manage the state yet, so he did not come to baptism and the wedding. Therefore, the proclamation of his tsar of Russia had no legal basis.

Military campaigns

Before he began to rule in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Vladislav participated in several battles. Among them were trips to Moscow. In addition, he participated in the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1621, Sweden - in 1626-1629. During this time, as well as during his journey through Europe (1624-1625), he became acquainted with the specifics of military art. Korolevich Vladislav always treated military affairs as the most important. He did not differ in the special abilities of warfare, but he proved himself to be a skillful military leader.

Policy

At first, the prince Vladislav refused to cooperate closely with the Habsburgs. In 1633, he promised equality for Orthodox subjects and Protestants, forcing Radziwill Catholic to approve the law. The latter had no choice but to meet half way under the threat of transferring key posts in the Commonwealth to Protestants. In the same year, Vladislav appointed Ksyshtof Radziwill to the high office of the governor of Vilna. In 1635, the latter became a great Lithuanian hetman. Protestant nobles blocked Vladislav's attempt to start a war with Sweden. In 1635, Stumsdorf truce was signed. In this regard, Vladislav renewed the alliance with the Hapsburgs, concluded by his father.

Marriages

Polish prince Vladislav was twice married. He asked the Pope Urban to give a promise to give him permission to marry a Protestant princess. However, he was refused. In early 1634 he sent Alexander Pripkovsky to Charles I with a secret mission. The envoy had to discuss matrimonial plans and help in restoring the Polish fleet. At a meeting on March 19, 1635, a discussion of marriage took place. However, only 4 bishops were present, one of whom supported the plans. The first marriage took place in the spring of 1636. Vladislav married Cecilia Renate of Austria. They were born Sigismund Kazimir and Maria Anna Isabella. The first died at the age of seven from dysentery, and the daughter died in infancy. In 1644 Cecilia died. In 1646 Vladislav was married to the French princess Maria Louise de Gonzaga de Nevers. They had no children.

Successes

In early November 1632, Vladislav became Polish king after the death of Sigismund. At this time, Mikhail Romanov decides to go to Rzeczpospolita with the war. He hoped to take advantage of the temporary confusion after the death of Sigismund. About 34.5 thousand people crossed the eastern borders of the Commonwealth. In October 1632 the army besieged Smolensk. Russia ceded it to the Deulina Armistice of 1618. However, during the military operations, Vladislav managed not only to lift the siege, but also to surround the army and force him to surrender on March 1, 1634. After that, a new truce was agreed, favorable for Rzeczpospolita. His conditions, among other things, assumed the payment of 20 thousand rubles to Vladislav. In exchange for the refusal of claims to the Moscow authorities and the return of the signs handed over to him by the Semiboyarschina.

During the war of 1632-1634. In the Rzecz Pospolita there was an active modernization of the army. Vladislav paid special attention to the improvement of artillery and infantry. After a short time, the Rzecz Pospolita began to threaten the Turks. Vladislav led the army south of the Russian border. He forced the Turks to sign a truce on conditions favorable to him. The participants in the war again agreed to keep the Tatars and Cossacks from hiking over each other's borders and a common condominium over Wallachia and Moldavia.

After the end of the southern campaign, it became necessary to protect the northern side of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1635, Sweden, which was involved in the Thirteen-year war, agreed to the terms of the Stormsdorf truce. The treaty was again profitable for the Commonwealth. Some of the conquered territories of Sweden had to be given back.

Interesting Facts

According to many historians, Vladislav was very ambitious. He dreamed of a great glory, which he planned to achieve with new conquests. In the last years of the government, he expected to use detachments of Cossacks to help provoke the war between Turkey and Poland. In different periods, he sought to regain power over Sweden. Vladislav wanted several times to return the Russian crown. He even had plans to capture the Ottoman Empire. During his reign, he often managed to entice the troubled Cossacks to his side. However, all his attempts failed because of insufficient support of foreign allies and the gentry. Often, instead of major battles, there were borderless unnecessary wars that scattered the power of the state. In the end, this led to fatal consequences for Rzeczpospolita.

Some historians believe that Vladislav was very hot-tempered. Angry, he could start revenge, not thinking about the consequences. So, when Protestants in the szlachta blocked his plans to go to war with Sweden, he began to conduct the pro-Habsburg policy. In particular, he provided military assistance to the allies, took Renatu to Cecilia. Vladislav had many plans and dynastic, and military, and personal, and territorial. Thus, he assumed the capture of Livonia, Silesia, the annexation of the Prussian Duchy, the creation of his own crown princedom. Some of his plans could be realized. However, due to failures or by coincidence of objective circumstances, almost nothing happened from what was planned.

The controversy over the dowry

It began in 1638. Vladislav wanted that the unpaid dowry of his stepmother and mother was provided by the Silesian principality, preferably Opole-Racibórz. In 1642 he proposed to the Habsburgs his right to power in Sweden. In return, Vladislav asked Silesia for bail. The ambassador sent to Vienna offered to exchange income from the Bohemian possessions of Treben to the Teshinsky or Opolsko-Racibórz Principality. The trial dragged on, and Vladislav announced to the Habsburg envoy that he was uniting with Sweden. These words acted as an obvious threat, since in this case Vladislav could capture Silesia and by military route, without the Emperor's consent.

In April 1645, a new negotiating ambassador was sent to Warsaw. They ended unsuccessfully for Vladislav, but it is quite favorable for the Habsburgs. As a result, it was decided to transfer the principality not as a hereditary, but as a 50-year lease. The destiny was supposed to be later transferred to Kazimir, the son of Vladislav. The latter could manage the lands until the successor's majority. In addition, Vladislav promised to give the Habsburgs a loan of 1.1 million gold.

Failures

Vladislav used the title of Swedish king. However, the country under his rule has never been. Moreover, he, like in the case of Russia, did not even enter its territory. Despite this, he nevertheless strove to take power into his own hands in Sweden. However, all his efforts, like his father's, were fruitless. Vladislav's domestic policy was aimed at strengthening the royal power. However, this was constantly hampered by the nobility, who valued her freedom and could not miss the right to participate in the government. Vladislav had to overcome all sorts of difficulties all the time. Obstacles were created by the Seimas, which sought to control its power and suppress dynastic ambitions. Perfection of the army was regarded as a desire to strengthen the royal position in wartime. Because of this, the Saeima opposed most of Vladislav's plans. He was refused financing, signing declarations on the beginning of battles. The situation in foreign policy was similar. Vladislav tried to reassure the conflicting Germans and Scandinavians during the Thirteen Years' War. However, all his actions to no avail, and support from the Habsburgs almost did not bring results. To protect positions in the Baltic, Vladislav began to strengthen the fleet. However, this plan also did not end with anything.

Conclusion

Vladislav died in 1648. His internal organs and heart are buried in the chapel of St. Casimir, in the cathedral of St. Stanislaus in Vilnius. Vladislav's death came a year after his son Sigismund Kazimir died. He could not realize all his plans, he could not rebuild Rzeczpospolita. However, he managed to avoid participation in the Thirteen-year war.

With the death of Vladislav, the golden age of the Polish state ended. After his death, the Cossacks began their uprising. They showed discontent with the fact that all the promises were never fulfilled. The Cossack revolt took place quite actively and was directed at the Polish government in operation. The emerging situation was taken advantage of by Sweden, which began an invasion of the state.