Floating nuclear power plant, academician Lomonosov. Floating nuclear power plant in the Crimea. Floating nuclear power plants in Russia

Floating nuclear power plants in Russia - a project of domestic designers to create mobile low-power plants. The state corporation "Rosatom", enterprises "Baltiysky Zavod", "Malaya energetika" and a number of other organizations take part in the development.

Historical reference

At the initial stages of the development of the industry, nuclear power was considered mainly in relation to the military industry. However, over the past few decades, the advantages of mobile sources that are suitable for operation in remote and undeveloped areas have become increasingly evident. To a greater extent, the priorities were changed due to the development of civil nuclear technologies, the installation of reactors on military vessels, icebreakers, submarines.

For the first time, mobile devices began to be used by the United States. They provided energy to the Panama Canal and the American research base in the Antarctic.

Relatively recently, the media asked the question of whether a floating NPP will be installed in the Crimea. Opinions on this subject are different. However, there were no statements from the state corporation coordinating the program regarding this issue. Some experts say that a floating nuclear power plant in the Crimea is not needed. They explain their position by the fact that such installations are designed for operation in remote, inaccessible areas. The supply of the peninsula can be carried out in other ways. For example, an energy bridge is built from the mainland.

Domestic Industry

According to the federal target program "Energy Efficient Economy" 2002-2005. And for the future until 2010, a tender was held to create a low-power FNPP. In the middle of May 2006, the enterprise Sevmash became the winner. In the following year, 2007, the administration of Nizhny Novgorod State University and the Federal Atomic Energy Agency reached an agreement that the institute will act as a basic institution for the training of relevant specialists. In 2008, the project coordinators announced that part of the orders for units and units will be transferred to the Baltic plant. However, the Sevmash plant announced a little later that the floating nuclear power plant will be commissioned for 5 months after the planned date. In this regard, the Baltic plant was given an order in full.

Start of construction

As stated in 2010 by the deputy head of Rosenergoatom, Sergei Zavyalov, the first floating nuclear power plant was created in accordance with the schedule. The readiness of the plant was planned for the end of 2012, and the commissioning was expected in 2013. In June 2010, the first power unit was launched. This happened at the Baltic factory. But at that time the turbogenerator and the reactor were not installed. Installation work was supposed to be carried out on a floating power unit. In September 2011, a positive opinion of the environmental assessment was received by the project in Pevek. Currently, he is at the stage of investment justification. At the end of September - beginning of October 2013 steam generating units with a mass of 220 tons, produced according to the projects of OKBM them. Afrikantova, were transported to the outfitting quay from the sloop of the sixth workshop of the Baltic plant. There, in the presence of representatives of Rosenergoatom, they were loaded into the reactor compartments with floating cranes. In accordance with the terms of the contract, the St. Petersburg plant must hand over the PES, prepared for transportation to the site of operation, September 9, 2016. The latest news about the floating nuclear power plant indicates that it should be fully put into operation in 2018.

Key project

In a series of mobile transportable small-capacity plants, the floating nuclear power plant Akademik Lomonosov is considered to be the main one. Its maximum power is more than 70 MW. The installation includes two KLT-40S reactors. The main designer is Afrikantov OKBM. The same enterprise is the main manufacturer and supplier of reactor equipment. It includes, in particular, pumps, fuel handling units, control devices, auxiliary machines and so on. The Akademik Lomonosov floating nuclear power plant was created on the basis of a serial installation used in icebreakers, which was tested over a long period of operation under arctic conditions.

Appointment

The design activities carried out by Rosatom's enterprises and research institutes have shown the possibility of building a qualitatively new class on the basis of already mastered ship reactors. They will be used for the production of desalinated water, electricity, domestic and industrial heat. It is assumed that floating nuclear power plants will be powered from 3.5 to 70 and more MW. They are intended to provide port cities, large industrial enterprises, extracting gas and oil complexes located in the shelf zone.

Specificity

Mobile nuclear power plants are autonomous objects. They are completely created at the shipyard as a non-self-propelled vessel. Ready-made plants are transported by river or by sea to the site of operation. The customer receives the object in working order. Floating nuclear power plants include a complex of living quarters and complete infrastructure that provides for the accommodation of the personnel who are operating, as well as the maintenance of the installation. Thus, the manufacturer and supplier performs the order "turnkey". The construction in the factory provides the maximum reduction in construction time. Together with this, the Russian floating NPP meets all international requirements for quality and safety.

Benefits

Floating nuclear power plant is best suited for operation in hard-to-reach areas along the banks of rivers or seas distant from central supply systems. In the Russian Federation, this is primarily the regions of the Far East and the Far North. In these regions there is no unified energy system. Here, economically acceptable and reliable sources of supply are needed. At present, the need for several dozen low-power stations is very acute in these regions. The commissioning of facilities will stimulate economic activity and ensure an adequate standard of living for the population.

Security

The floating NPP meets all international environmental requirements. Enrichment of fuel does not exceed the limit level for compliance with the regime on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Since operation is assumed in the coastal zone of the world's oceans, the question of the plant's resistance to the effects of extreme natural factors (tornadoes, tsunamis, etc.) is quite topical.

"Afrikantov OKBB" has a complex of innovative technologies, due to which a floating nuclear power plant will withstand any level of dynamic load set in the project. The scheme of the future installation is created with a certain "margin of safety". It exceeds the maximum possible loads in the area of operation. For example, it is possible to strike a tsunami wave, collide with a coastal structure or other vessel. After 40 years of operation, the head unit of the floating nuclear plant will be replaced by a new one. In this case, the old one will be returned to the technological enterprise for recycling. During operation and at its end, there will be no environmentally hazardous waste at the site where a floating power plant (nuclear power plant) has been installed. Repair and reloading of fuel will be carried out in the conditions of the existing domestic specialized enterprises. They have all the necessary equipment, and also employs qualified personnel.

Atomic expert: floating nuclear power plants. Good catch

Currently, many articles on the subject are being published. In many of them some developments of a number of leading research and design institutes are presented. For example, in 2015, the concept of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was covered. It is believed that a floating nuclear power plant (photo of the installation can be seen in the article) is one of the most promising options for supplying settlements where the coastal zone resources are not enough. The concept of the institute combines two fairly well-known technologies. In particular, the construction of an atomic reactor and a deep-water oil platform is considered.