KrAZ-219: history, technical characteristics, features

Kremenchug Automobile Plant is a Ukrainian manufacturer of trucks and components to them, created in 1958. Later in the article we will consider one of its first models - KrAZ-219: technical characteristics, history, features.

History

The car was developed at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant to replace the YaAZ-210, where from 1957 to 1959 it was manufactured under the name of YaAZ-219. On the same chassis, a truck tractor under the index 221 and a dump truck 222 were built. Then the production was moved to Kremenchug, whereupon the car changed its brand, but retained the index. And the first to master the production of a dumper. In 1963, KrAZ-219 replaced its upgraded version of 219B, which was produced until 1965. Then it was replaced by KrAZ-257.

Features

This car is a heavy Soviet road truck.

It has a frame triaxial construction. The wheelbase is 5,05 + 1,4 m, the front track is 1,95 m, the rear track is 1,92 m. Versions 221 and 222 had a base shortened to 4,08 + 1,4 m, in comparison with KrAZ-219 . The photos in the article show the difference between them.

The car is equipped with two fuel tanks of 225 liters.

During the 1963 modernization the frame was improved, and the electrical system for 12 volts was replaced with a 24-volt electrical system.

Cab and body

The car cabin is wooden with metal plating. Accommodates the driver and two passengers.

KrAZ-219 has an onboard wooden platform with reclining side and tailgates. Its dimensions are 5.77 m in length, 2.45 m in width, and 0.825 m in height. The loading height is 1.52 m.

The overall overall dimensions of the car are 9.66 m in length, 2.65 m in width, 2.62 m in height. The curb weight is 11.3 tons, the full weight is 23.51 tons. In the loaded condition, the front axle has a load of 4.3 tons, the rear one - 4 tons, fully loaded - 4.67 tons and 18.86 tons, respectively.

Engine

KrAZ-219 was equipped with a single power unit YAZ-206A. This is a two-stroke six-cylinder diesel engine inline configuration of 6.97 liters. Its power is 165 liters. from. At 2,000 rpm, the torque is 691 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm.

The updated version received the same upgraded engine YAZ-206D. Productivity increased to 180 liters. from. And 706 Nm.

There were alternative sources of energy. Let's look at what KrAZ-219 could drive.

There was an experimental diesel-trolley truck called DTU-10. Created in UkrNIIproekt in 1961, the car received two additional traction motors of 172 kW. To supply their energy, the car was connected to a suspension contact network by rod-collectors, like a trolleybus. Its carrying capacity was 10 tons.

It is noteworthy that one of the innovations in the field of cargo transportation is the electric road for trucks created in Sweden in 2016. A similar transport scheme was tested by Ukrainian designers more than 55 years ago: DT-10 until the end of the 60's. Worked on the longest in the world trolleybus route length 84 km Simferopol - Yalta. But then the car was converted into a regular truck, because because of the slow speed it created obstacles for passenger transport on the highway, and the idea did not receive further development for mass use.

In addition, it should be noted that rapeseed oil is currently used as raw material for biodiesel production. In addition, there are descriptions of the use on the diesel engines of MTZ and HTZ tractors of homemade fuel on its basis with the addition of methanol and even simply used vegetable oil. Therefore, at least theoretically possible was the exploitation of KrAZ-219 in rapeseed oil.

Transmission

The car is equipped with a mechanical 5-speed transmission. Clutch dry single-disk with spring servo.

Drive - two rear axles. Transfer case - two-stage.

Chassis

Front suspension on two semi-elliptical longitudinal springs with hydraulic shock absorbers of double acting, rear - balanced type also on two semi-elliptical longitudinal springs.

The ground clearance is 290 mm under both axes.

The steering mechanism has the design of "worm" and "sector". Equipped with a pneumatic amplifier.

Brakes with pneumatic drive, shoe. In addition, there is a manual brake with a mechanical drive, also a shoe, on the transmission.

Tires - pneumatic, chamber, size 12.00-20 (320-508).

From 1960 to 1962, the development of combined propulsors, including two pairs of small steering wheels for the movement of railroads.

Performance

The car's carrying capacity is 11.3 tons, the turning radius along the track of the front outer wheel is 12.5 meters. The top speed is 55 km / h. The fuel consumption at 35-40 km / h is equal to 55 liters per 100 km.

Application

Basically, KrAZ-219 was used for transportation of large and indivisible goods. In addition, it has become one of the main heavy vehicles of the army. For example, R-5 ballistic missiles were transported on such vehicles and mounted with the help of specimens equipped with a crane, pipes were transported, etc. KrAZ-221 was widely used for towing the airfield fuel tankers TZ-16 and TZ-22.

Modifications

The KrAZ-219 chassis was equipped with various equipment. For example, the transportation mentioned above on the launching positions of heavy rocket equipment was carried out by cranes. Since 1959, it was a diesel-electric 10-ton K-104 Odessa plant named after the January Uprising. Soon it was replaced with a 16 ton K-162M Kamyshinsky crane plant. There was also a civilian modification of the K-162, as well as a version for the cold conditions of K-162S.

In addition, a P-12U ballistic missile launcher was used in a mine on a semi-trailer that was hauling KrAZ-221.

The above-mentioned TZ-16 (TZ-16-221 or TZ-16000) was produced by the Zhdanovsky Heavy Engineering Plant. It includes a steel frame elliptical tank, divided into two compartments for 7500 and 8500 liters, a stand-alone GAZ M-20 engine, a gear box, two centrifugal pumps SCL-20-24, a set of process equipment (pipelines, meters, filters, Measuring instruments, sleeves, etc.), rear control cabin. All this was mounted on a biaxial 19.5-ton semitrailer MAZ-5204. The total length of the road train is 15 m, the mass is 33.4 tonnes.

TZ-22 produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine Building Plant (later Zhdanovsky Heavy Machinery Plant) has a similar design, but a larger one - at 6,000 liters capacity. In addition, it was installed on a two-axle 19.5-ton semi-trailer ChMZAP-5204M.

Initially, the TZ-16 was towed by the KrAZ-221 predecessor, the YaAZ-210D. Subsequently, both tankers were transferred to KrAZ-258.

On the basis of this car, an aerodrome unit was created: a vacuum-cleaning machine for removing dust from runways.

In the early 60's. Began to install an automobile oxygen-producing station on the KrAZ-219P chassis. The DTP is located in a sealed unified frame-metal body produced by PO Box 4111 (hereinafter MZSA).

Finally, the KrAZ-219 chassis was fitted with the first in the USSR unit for development and repair of A-40 wells, created on the basis of the German SALZCITTER lift. Such a machine appeared in 1959.