Kindergarten compensating: what is it? Types of kindergartens

When a child turns 3 years old, his parents begin to think about choosing a suitable kindergarten. In order to better understand all the pros and cons of various preschool institutions, it is necessary to find out what kinds of kindergartens are divided into. Many, for example, do not know, a kindergarten of a compensating kind - what is it and how to send there your child, if this is necessary.

Classification of kindergartens

Institutions of preschool education can be divided into a governing body or by specialization. By the first sign, kindergartens are divided into:

• Departmental;
• Municipal;
• Private;
• Home.

By specialization, pre-school institutions are divided into:

• General developing;
• Development centers;
• A compensating garden;
• Kindergarten combined type;
• Improving kindergartens.

The compensatory kindergarten differs from other types of similar institutions in that it requires children with disabilities, but this will be mentioned below.

Types of gardens in the governing body

Municipal kindergartens are ordinary district pre-school establishments, where classes with children are conducted strictly according to the programs of preschool education. They include acquaintance of the child with what surrounds him, various kinds of developing games, teaching fine arts, correct pronunciation, and physical exercises. The kindergarten of compensating type refers specifically to municipal institutions.

In departmental kindergartens, children are divided into 2 groups: one is where the company where the father or mother of the child is working pays, and the second group is those for whom the parents pay. In these kindergartens, the conditions for children to stay are somewhat better than in municipal ones, but their cost is usually higher. Another feature is the lack of a government-sponsored education program.

Private and home gardens

An even more expensive option is private kindergartens. Since the cost of such gardens is considerable, then the level of services is naturally higher. First, it is explained by the smaller number of children in groups, which allows the educator to give everyone more time, and secondly, the range of services provided in these institutions is much wider than in the gardens mentioned above.

Home gardens are very different from other types of similar institutions already that if in traditional kindergartens the upbringing takes place according to a strictly regulated program and is controlled by the relevant authorities, then in the home kindergarten there is no such control. Not only that only one person looks after the children, he also prepares food for them and chooses what the child will be doing. But if the educator is a professional in his business, the advantages are more than minuses, because in the group, as a rule, about five children, which allows you to apply an individual approach.

Types of institutions that are divided by specialization

General developing kindergartens are designed for toddlers who do not have any deviations in development and are directed to the formation of intellectual abilities, moral and aesthetic qualities. Developmental centers are different from other preschool institutions, primarily aimed at diversifying personal development. As a rule, these are institutions with specially equipped rooms, such as gaming classes, computer auditoriums, and many other complexes. Combined - these are types of kindergartens, which combine the previous two types of institutions.

There is also such a kind as kindergartens of an ethnocultural orientation. In them, in addition to the general development program, there are classes aimed at developing a culture of interethnic relations. This is necessary primarily in the multinational areas of the country. Special attention should be paid to such kind of establishments, as a kindergarten of a compensating kind. What does this name mean and how does this garden differ from other gardens?

Kindergartens of compensating type

When a child has some deviation in physical or mental development, you should give it to a specialized garden. Since these are unusual gardens, you can get there by going through a certain procedure. But efforts are worth it, because in these institutions, training programs are designed taking into account those deviations in development that are available to the child. Many parents do not understand that their child needs a compensatory kindergarten, that this will help him cope with the disease, which they consider an insignificant deviation from the norm.

What children need compensatory gardens

There are kindergartens for often ill children. From the name it is clear what kind of children are being educated there. Before sending a child to institutions of this type, it is necessary to reduce it to a pediatrician who will determine whether the baby really needs special care or not. The decision is made on the basis of counting the number of illnesses of the preschooler for the past year.

In addition, special care is needed for children with a delay in verbal and mental development, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, poor eyesight and hearing, so a kindergarten of a compensating type is just what these children need. For referral to specialized kindergartens, it is necessary to show the child to a certain doctor whose specialization depends on the child's disorder.

How to get to a specialized garden

Few know that it is not so easy to get into a compensatory kindergarten, that it is a strictly regulated procedure for which it is necessary to pass a child's examination first with a doctor (orthopedist, neurologist, ophthalmologist - this depends on what violation is observed in the baby), and then Already with a reference visit the PMPK - psycho-medical and pedagogical commission. These specialists decide whether to send the child to the garden of a compensating kind or not. With the conclusion issued by the commission, you can already go directly to the head of preschool.

If in ordinary kindergarten, as in school, a reference is made to the average child, and weak children have to make too much effort to achieve at least some result, specialized facilities provide the conditions that are necessary for the child with a specific violation.

The main purpose of specialized gardens

If in a general developing kindergarten a child is given certain skills and abilities that help him develop, then a kindergarten of a compensating kind is, first of all, the existence of a program aimed at correcting a particular disease. After such a pre-school institution, the child is usually given to a correctional school, where the correction of his violation continues. Thus, the main purpose of this type of kindergartens is to adapt the baby to the environment so that in the future, in adulthood, he could function at the level of the average person.

The advantage of kindergartens of this kind is that specialists with defectologists working on specially designed programs are engaged with children, ensuring the development of the child, taking into account its lack. Having learned about the kindergarten of a compensating kind, what it is and how to send its child there (if necessary, of course), the parent should understand that a special attitude to the child should be preserved at home.