In what spheres does the socialization of the individual take place and what is it expressed in?

Man is born an individual who does not yet understand his sociality. But he is helpless, so ordered by nature. Without the help of another, an adult, a child can not survive. And already at this stage begins the entry of a new person, a future person, into society. This is a kind of growth, but growth is not physical, but social. The problem of socialization is closely engaged in psychology.

In other words, let's call it integration into the already formed world of adults. We are interested in the areas in which the socialization of the individual takes place , what conditions it needs for this, manifestations of socialization. Let us now consider this question.

What is socialization?

To begin with, as an introduction directly in the field of the science of psychology, we give here an interpretation of the notion of socialization.

So, socialization is the acquisition by a person of the skills that he needs for a successful life in society. Since human behavior is regulated not only by pure instincts, then without socialization, existence in an established society will be impossible. We will try to consider in what spheres the socialization of the person takes place, in what it is expressed.

With the process of socialization is closely related another concept of psychology - the biosocial nature of man. But this is already a completely independent topic, and we will not consider it within the limits of this article.

Stages of socialization

Socialization of a person does not happen in one day, and not even in one year. This process is phased, requiring special conditions and surroundings.

Next, let's talk, in what spheres is the socialization of the individual, as modern psychologists say. Before this we learn how the base of socialization is being prepared since childhood, as a person prepares to interact with the society in adult life.

Spheres of socialization

Psychology calls the three main sectors, answering our question, in what spheres does the socialization of the personality take place, in what is it manifested. It is communication, activity, self-awareness.

Socialization manifests itself in creating links within these spheres, expanding and consolidating existing ones. In other words, bridges are built between the person and the surrounding people.

Primary socialization

Life and formation of a person begins with the stage of childhood, when everything in this world opens for the first time. The laws on which society lives are also becoming a discovery. And at this time there is a primary socialization.

The moment from which the child begins to integrate into the adult world is birth. The end of the stage of primary socialization is the formation of a mature personality.

Family - the sphere of primary socialization

The social sphere in which the socialization of the individual takes place at the initial stage of life is the family. Here the foundations are laid, on which new and new levels of socialization are built in the future.

The main importance for primary socialization is the family. From it begins to form a picture-idea of society. The values that the family follows, the information provided by the family to the child, moral norms and values - all these are the very foundations, the bricks of the future vision of society.

Parents are the most important people who influence the child at this stage. Their relationship with each other and with the society becomes an example for the child. They are able to instill in the unformed personality the notion of what is normal and what is the deviation.

Next stage: school

After the family, the center of socialization of a person is transferred to school. The main function of the educational institution is to present new conditions for development, interaction with adults and peers. Before the eyes of the child are the same people as he is at the stage of socialization, and adults are the ready "products" of this process.

The rules that should be observed in the school walls also play a significant role. The innovation of the stage is also in the fact that now the child has to join a large group - the classroom, the school community as a whole.

New stages - new social groups

After school, socialization of a person occurs according to similar principles. Circles of communication expand, there are those that the personality is ready to consider their own. Family, friends, classmates, classmates, teaching staff of a higher educational institution are all those circles of communication that influence the further socialization of the individual.

The direction of socialization at all stages remains the same: the norms of behavior adopted in the society where the person spends the most time are adopted to a greater extent.

Let's try the roles

In addition, in what spheres does the socialization of the individual take place, what does it express itself in, we are interested in the roles that a person tries on this path. One of the important points of this issue is the development of gender roles.

Gender socialization is one of the spheres in which this process takes place. It implies acquaintance and acceptance of those norms and roles that are inherent in a man and woman in the surrounding society. Boys, accordingly, it is important to adopt the line of "male" behavior, girls - "female".

The Beginning of Adulthood

With the beginning of adulthood (according to our ideas) a person will have to master a new sphere of socialization - a labor collective operating under the conditions of the working process. New knowledge, patterns of effective communication, values of the team, distinctive features are being mastered. New people, more precisely, finding contacts with them - is also an important stage, the upcoming personality for socialization.

Resocialization: making adjustments

We continue to consider certain aspects of the problem, in which spheres the socialization of the individual takes place and what conditions are needed for this.

The process of socialization is gradual, but is it reversible? Is it possible to replace the existing skills with others? The answer of psychology to this is positive. Such a process is called resocialization - the elimination of existing models of behavior and representations of new people.

Such changes always lead to a gap between the past and the present. But the process of resocialization is simply necessary in a dynamic society.

conclusions

Socialization is a process important for a person as a biosocial being. Its result is the integration of the personality into the already existing human society, with its laws and views on interaction.

We considered the sphere in which the socialization of the individual takes place. It is called psychologists three of those: communication, action and self-awareness. It is in these areas that we develop, entering a new circle of communication, that is, society.