Municipal Property

Municipal property, along with public and private, is one of their main forms of ownership. In Russia, this provision is legislatively enshrined in the Constitution (Clause 2, Clause 9). According to the Constitution , municipal entities are the subjects of municipal ownership. Self-governing bodies in the localities exercise on their behalf the right to use, own and dispose of this property.

Municipal property is administered by administrative-territorial entities: cities, districts, towns, etc. The property objects are property of local government bodies, housing funds, non-residential premises, local budget funds, off-budget funds, production enterprises, service sector, cultural, education, healthcare, etc.

Property of municipal property is fixed in large part for municipal enterprises or transferred to municipal authorities. In the case of the transfer of property to the enterprise, the right to self-management of the received property is acquired (property law is the right of business). Institutions receive the right of operative management on the property fixed on their account.

Municipal property with the beginning of its existence differs closest to the population organization, because its means and capabilities it serves to meet the needs and needs of the population.

Historically, municipal property expands its composition and complicates the management structure. Initially, it consisted only of health care, education, social welfare, communication, but with the development of society and technology, water, electricity, sewerage, transport, housing and non-residential facilities were added to the listed entities, etc. However, This type of property is being improved, the structure and management structure are being improved (constantly more and more qualified specialists are required).

Historically, municipal property arose as an independent type of property, but it developed under the pressure of state structures, to a certain extent obeying them. However, in recent years, there has been a steady opposite trend of gradual liberation of municipal property from subordination to the state and its transfer to the jurisdiction of local government.

From the state form of ownership, the municipal one is characterized by the following peculiarity: its exploitation is characterized by the pursuit of rather narrow goals to improve the living conditions of local residents and the improvement of the territories of settlements. State property aspires to meet the needs of all citizens, regardless of their place of residence.

Municipal ownership of a land plot implies the right to own, dispose and use a piece of land that belongs to the municipality. Objects of this right include land plots that were transferred to the RF or its subjects in municipal ownership or considered to be such on the basis of federal laws. The right to own land must support the certificate of ownership.

Municipal (communal) property does not exist in all countries, but only in those where for its emergence there are appropriate historical preconditions. In Russia, it is considered at the legislative level as an independent form of ownership. It refers to property belonging to the right of property of cities, rural settlements and municipalities.