Hemoglobin in the blood test: designation. Decoding of the blood test

One of the main criteria in diagnosis is hemoglobin in the blood test. The designation will be discussed in this article. Indicators of its level can help in the recognition of many diseases.

The correctness of the prescribed treatment, the course of the process and the final result directly depend on the correctness of the established diagnosis. It is for this purpose that the method of analyzing blood indices is used.

The total amount of hemoglobin contained in the blood can be recognized through a general clinical analysis. In modern practice, the analysis on the level of the indicator is not carried out separately, but it should be taken into account that deviations from the norms help not only to start the treatment in time, but also to avoid a number of negative consequences of the disease.

Values below the established norms show the transition of a number of diseases to a level with a point of irreversibility. Consider in more detail hemoglobin in the blood test, the designation will also be given.

What is blood hemoglobin?

In simple terms, hemoglobin in human blood is a special kind of protein based on a protein and iron compound. It is found in red blood cells, in other cells the hemoglobin values are absent. The content of iron-containing proteins in erythrocytes occupies up to ninety percent of cells; according to their chemical composition, they are included in the group of chromopeptides due to a complex connection with non-protein components.

It is the Latin name of the two main components that became the basis for the name "hemoglobin": "heme" is an iron-containing group and "globin" is a protein base. The structure of the molecule has the form 4 to 1 with respect to iron to protein. All this is hemoglobin in the analysis of blood. Its designation is known to many.

By species in the human body, the following denominations of this compound are distinguished:

• Physiological;
• Pathological.

Physiological indicators are indicated in the analyzes as HGB.

RBC is an indicator of the number of red blood cells. They are often interrelated.

The pathological name was given to elements that have deviations in physical and chemical properties, and their manifestations are due to the presence of birth defects in the human body.

Glycated hemoglobin, what shows? Let us consider this issue below.

The role of hemoglobin for the human body

The main functional significance is determined by the ability of oxygen transfer to all organs and cells of the structure of the human body and the release of spent carbon dioxide beyond its limits. In fact, he is responsible for the whole respiratory system, the regulation of the acid-base equilibrium of blood cells.

Adapting the oxygen obtained from the external environment, it carries it to all tissues, organs and systems of the body along the blood vessels, supports metabolism and the return of the exhausted substance to the environment. The transportation processes are continuous.

Designation in analyzes

How to find hemoglobin in a blood test. Its designation has already been discussed above.

These are Latin letters Hb or HGB.

Normative indicators of the level of content

The level of hemoglobin in the blood in people depends on a number of physiological indicators, which include the following standards:

1. Sex:

• Under the norm for males, it is common to take the total values from 130 to 170 grams per liter;
• For women the limits are from 120 to 150 grams per liter;
• For infants up to the age of two, the elevated level of fetal hemoglobin is characteristic, this phenomenon is absolutely normal.

2. Typical features of the method of obtaining the results of the analysis.

Answering the question - glycated hemoglobin, which shows, we can say the following. Biochemical variant of the study shows the division of the amount into hydrolyzed and fetal protein.

The standard adopted values from four to six percent of the content of hydrolyzed protein and one percent for the level of fetal. It is common to start from these standards when deciphering the obtained values, exceeding them indicates the presence of serious diseases.

3. Pregnancy. Women who are in this position, the norm is to reduce the level to one hundred and ten grams per liter. This amount is enough for the development of the fetus. But the diet of the pregnant woman should be subjected to strict control to maintain it. Reducing the indices below this line can lead to oxygen starvation of the fetus.

That's how hemoglobin is important in the blood test. Its designation is often found on medical forms.

Methods for determining the level and its calculations

Definition of indicators is made during the general clinical analysis of a blood in the conditions of specialized laboratories. It is there that all the indicators are deciphered. The following methods are used to obtain them.

1. Colorimetric method.
2. Gasometric technique.
3. Molecular determination of the amount of iron in a molecule.

The most accurate data are obtained by applying the last two methods.

The content is taken from the calculation for one liter of human blood by the amount of protein and iron contained in the red blood cells.

Rules for passing the analysis

• The analysis is taken in the morning on an empty stomach.
• Before carrying out the analysis, high physical exertion is unacceptable.
• A long stay on the street can change the level upwards.

The decryption process

The obtained indices show the presence of an increased or decreased level of content in the blood cells of hemoglobin.

Lowering the level ensures that a person has a bad state of health and the following symptoms:

• A state of depression and drowsiness;
• The presence of a pale color in the skin and dark circles under the eyes;
• Fast onset process of general fatigue;
• In children, the level of development is delayed.

The average hemoglobin content mch is the mean value of this protein in erythrocytes, shows the hemoglobin mass in the mean erythrocyte and is calculated by the following formula:

MCH = Hb (g / l) / number of erythrocytes x 10 ^-12.

In normal MCH in humans - 24-34 pg. If abnormalities are identified, then this may indicate the presence of pathology.

Increasing the level warns about the presence of health problems in the following systems of the human body:

• Pathology of the excretory system and kidneys;
• The presence of irreversible changes in the pulmonary and cardiovascular system.

Conclusion

Depending on the decoding of the indices, treatment and collection of an additional anamnesis of the disease is prescribed. We examined the basic designations of blood test indicators.