How hemoglobin is indicated in blood tests: indicators, transcript and norm

Hemoglobin is one of the most important indicators in blood tests. It allows you to recognize the presence of many diseases in the body. As hemoglobin is indicated in the analyzes, everyone should know, this will allow you to monitor your health. Why is this element of blood so important, what role does it play in the life of each of us?

What is hemoglobin

Hemoglobin has two important components - protein (globin) and non-protein, which includes iron. In the human body, all hemoglobin is in the red blood cells, beyond these limits it is not observed. Globin, forming complex compounds around the gland as a whole, is responsible for the entire respiratory system. It supplies oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and back, it transports carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin regulated acid-base balance in blood cells. To ensure normal oxidative processes, hemoglobin is captured by oxygen during breathing, after adaptation it is carried across all tissues. Further hemoglobin collects all carbon dioxide from the cells and is sent to the lungs for removal from the body. How is hemoglobin indicated in the analyzes? Latin Hb or HGB - it knows almost everything, because of this element depends largely on our lives. The processes of oxygen transportation are continuous, in plasma there is only 2%, the rest hemoglobin carries blood.

Hemoglobin. As indicated in the analyzes. Norm

If you compare with adults, the parameters of hemoglobin in children are significantly understated. Do not worry if at the age of five this indicator is from 110 units, this is considered normal. Then every four years of growth should increase this figure by 5 units. Knowing how hemoglobin in a child (Hb) is indicated in the analysis, after analyzing the results in girls and boys, you can draw certain conclusions. Up to 12 years the hemoglobin value does not differ by sex. After puberty between a man and a woman, the difference in hemoglobin readings is approximately 10%. After getting the results on hand, you already have an idea of how hemoglobin is indicated in the blood test. The norm in the analyzes should be as follows: for men - 130-160 g / l, female indicators - 120-150 g / l. Keep track of the numbers with age, they should in no case be lowered. If you find that there are abnormalities in the rates, it is necessary to consult a doctor and take measures to correct the hemoglobin level in the blood.

Iron (Fe)

We have understood, what letters designates a hemoglobin in analyzes - Latin Hb. Let us now analyze the place in the body of iron. Exchange processes involving Fe occur continuously in the body. Normally, this element should be contained in an amount of 3-4 grams. In this case, the body always deposits 20% in the case of high needs, which arise in those or other cases. Plasma of blood daily tolerated from 30 to 36 mg of iron. Most are delivered to the red bone marrow. It is here that erythrocytes mature, which also include iron in their composition. In women, the daily requirement of Fe is 18 mg, while in men it is only 10. Pregnant women who are breastfeeding daily need to absorb up to 30 mg. The indicator of hemoglobin of blood will help to determine whether your body needs additional sources of iron.

Reduced hemoglobin

Reduced hemoglobin in the analyzes clearly indicate a deficiency in the body of iron. The level of Fe decreases and, as a consequence, the hemoglobin levels decrease. What reasons can contribute to this?

• Inadequate receipt of micronutrients through food.
• Proper absorption of iron in the body is impaired.
• Large blood loss of the body.

Very often a lack of iron is felt by people who prefer vegetarian food. Because plant foods are not rich in iron elements. The situation can be burdensome and in those cases, if the body feels a lack of vitamin B12, which is found mostly in animal products. Non-heme iron predominates in plant. And it is absorbed in 6-10%, if you compare it with the heme, which is contained in animal products. The latter is absorbed by 25%. Alimentary iron deficiency is very often observed in patients with anorexia nervosa. You can easily determine if you do not suffer from anemia, if you know how hemoglobin is indicated in blood tests. If it is underestimated, then take measures to raise Fe in the body.

Signs of decreased hemoglobin

On a state of health, a decrease in hemoglobin affects sensitively. Feels a breakdown, weakness. With a sedentary lifestyle, this is not immediately noticed, but those who are engaged in manual labor, immediately feel it on themselves. Symptoms of anemia:

• Dry mucous membranes, pale skin.
• The surface of the tongue with a lack of B12 is painful, hyperemic, smooth.
• Broken hair and nails.
• Cracks form in the corners of the mouth.

It is easy to remember how hemoglobin is designated in the analyzes - Hb. Watch its norms in the body. Track the indicator in yourself, as well as with your loved ones, do not allow the occurrence of various forms of anemia, including severe ones. Such forms, as a rule, already have a neurological character. There may be:

• Changes in the sense of smell.
• Perversion of appetite.
• Headache.
• Inflammation of the optic nerves.
• Parasthesia.

In childhood, there is a violation of behavior, the development of intelligence. In the elderly - the reduction of adaptive mechanisms, insufficient blood supply to tissues, as a result - dizziness and fainting.

We raise the level of hemoglobin

Now that we have understood how hemoglobin is indicated in the blood test, be sure to analyze your result. Found signs of anemia? Take steps to increase hemoglobin. For an organism this is very important. The doctor should find out why your body experienced a decrease in the indicator. For such reasons as significant blood loss or death of a large number of erythrocytes, these symptoms must be eliminated. Appointed drugs that contain iron. If the figures are not so frightening, then you can get by with the right diet. Include in your diet products that help increase hemoglobin, thanks to the iron content, as well as vitamins B, C, PP. Do not forget that iron, as we said above, is divided into gem (25% absorption) and non-heme - 6%. Note that iron is oxidized during heat treatment. Using coffee and tea, know that they slow down the absorption of Fe, it is better to exclude them for a while from your diet. It is better to drink cocoa, juices. What foods are suitable for a diet:

• Citrus.
• By-products.
• Red meat.
• Liver.
• Potatoes.
• Hard cheese.
• Green salad.
• Black bread.
• Egg yolk.

Increased hemoglobin

With reduced hemoglobin, we sorted it out. And what are the indicators that overestimate the norm? This, too, should alert and cause a call to the doctor for an explanation and a survey. The increase in hemoglobin can indicate the following body dysfunctions:

• Hemoglobinemia. The situation when the destroyed red blood cells are in the blood plasma.
• Intestinal obstruction.
• Erythrocytosis.
• Excess in the body of vitamins B9 or B12.
• Cancerous tumors.
• Pulmonary insufficiency.
• Increased blood glucose levels.

Elevated hemoglobin badly affects the state of health. There is a thickening of the blood, high viscosity does not allow the blood flow to circulate properly, hence oxygen starvation. As a consequence, the formation of thrombi, cardiovascular disease, heart attacks and strokes. In this case, it is better to exclude from the diet products that have a high iron content. Do not abuse fried, fatty foods, exclude vitamins B and C. The doctor should prescribe drugs that dilute blood.

When elevated hemoglobin is the norm

So, you look at the result, knowing how hemoglobin is indicated in the blood test. Decoding indicates that hemoglobin is elevated. This is often found in men. Is this always a cause for concern? In some cases this may be the norm:

• Mountaineers have inflated figures (up to 170 g / l) associated with their professional activities.
• Mountain dwellers always have an elevated rate, since their blood is usually supersaturated with oxygen.
• At sportsmen at intensive trainings also level of a hemoglobin as the blood additional oxygen is required for delivery it in the necessary quantity in muscles.
• With long walks in the forest, blood can be oversaturated with oxygen, respectively, and hemoglobin will rise.

MCH - the amount of hemoglobin in erythrocyte

Sometimes in the form of the tests you can find the MCH index, it indicates the amount of hemoglobin, but now in the red blood cells. The unit of MCH is indicated in the picogram. For adults the normal index is 27-33 pg, for children under 16 the norm is 28-32 pg. What does this indicator indicate? The ability of hemoglobin to saturate erythrocytes. This indicator allows the doctor to make a more accurate diagnosis. The increase in SIT rates indicates the presence of anemia, autoimmune processes, cirrhosis of the liver. Underestimated values are a sign of chronic pathologies.