Heating in a private house. Diagram of house heating distribution

There are various schemes of heating systems in private homes. Each has its own operational features, as well as advantages and disadvantages. This or that scheme of heating of a private house should be chosen for each specific situation, otherwise, instead of comfort and comfort, you can get big problems.

Heating scheme by type of coolant circulation

By way of water circulation in the heating system contour, two basic schemes are distinguished - with natural and forced movement of the coolant. The natural, or gravitational scheme for heating a private house is based on the difference in water density. For a heated coolant, a small density is characteristic, as a result of which it is displaced by a reverse stroke into the circuit. To ensure a gravity flow of liquid, it is necessary to lay pipelines with a slight slope.

The main advantage of the gravitational system is the following: its device does not require the purchase of complex aggregates and equipment. Such a scheme is independent of other engineering networks, and most importantly - it is easy to assemble.

Despite the superiority that is provided by simplicity, such a heating layout in a private house (the photo is presented below) has some limitations. It is not recommended for use in dwellings with a large area, since the gravity flow of water is provided only in the contour, the length of which is approximately 30 meters.

Forced movement of the heat carrier is carried out by means of a circulating pump, which includes a pumping circuit. The use of these systems is unlimited (with the exception of ensuring uninterrupted power supply of pumping units).

Scheme for pipelining

In the process of organizing a heating system, an important point is the heating distribution in a private house. All flat appliances of water supply or heat supply are connected to the common system according to a certain scheme.

Much depends on how the wiring is done. It can be horizontal or vertical. In the latter version, the main pipeline is hidden in the basement, and from it through the apartments there are many pipelines of smaller diameter. This wiring is cheaper and much simpler than a horizontal circuit. It can be single-tube or two-tube.

Vertical single-pipe system

With this version of the wiring, the supply line is laid under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic. The heating medium is fed to the heating devices in a series of vertical risers. The main advantage of this scheme is the minimum flow of pipelines.

However, there are some disadvantages:

• Lack of adjustment.
• The impossibility of switching off a separate heating device.
• Overrun of heating appliances.

With single-pipe wiring, the heat transfer medium moves along a single integral contour through all the heating devices. In the two-pipe system, two risers are provided - from one the coolant enters the heater, and in the other it leaves.

Such heating distribution in a private house (without closing areas, unregulated) is used if a natural circulation of the coolant is required.

Vertical two-pipe system with bottom wiring

In such a system, the supply and return lines are laid above the floor of the lower floor or in the floor itself, water enters each heating device independently. On the upper radiators it is recommended to put the air bleed valves, which are necessary to remove air from the system.

Such systems have the following advantages:

• The possibility of switching off a separate heating device.
• Good adjustment of the system.
• It is allowed to switch on the floor heating system as the building is erected.
• There is no supply line and risers on the top floor.
• Elimination of overspending of heating appliances.

Disadvantages:

• Compared with single-pipe wiring in the two-pipe system, the length of the pipelines increases.
• The impossibility of installing apartment heat meters (however, in these houses there are house-counters, which are much more profitable at primary costs).

Horizontal two-pipe system with perimeter wiring

Such distribution of heating in a private house (the scheme is presented below) provides for supply and return pipelines that fit along the perimeter of each floor. On all heaters, cranes are installed to bleed air.

The following advantages are typical for this system:

• You can disconnect the system by floor.
• Absence of risers on all floors (except for the main one).
• It is allowed to use heating devices with a lower connection.
• Laying the main pipelines in the plinth or floor construction not only reduces the number of open communications, but also improves the overall appearance of the room.
• Possibility of installing apartment heat meters.

Disadvantages:

• On long branches, it is necessary to install expansion joints.
• The presence of air valves on each heater slightly complicates the operation.

Floor two-pipe system with a collector on each floor

Such a heating distribution in a private house assumes a floor arrangement of the supply and return manifolds on the main riser. Feed and return lines from collectors are directly connected to each radiator.

This system is recommended for use with metal-plastic pipes. It is characterized by all the advantages of horizontal two-pipe heating systems. The only drawback is the large length of the supply mains. However, it is compensated by the fact that the number of pipe connections decreases.

To date, such a layout in individual construction is becoming increasingly popular.

Types of heating schemes for two-story houses

At the design stage , the most optimal heating distribution in a private house (2 floors) should be developed. Only in this case the heating system will perform its functions in full.

The heating schemes used for two-story buildings are divided into two main groups - with natural and forced movement of the liquid. From the title it is clear that one is different from the other. So, in the second case, a pump is used to circulate the liquid, with which the coolant moves in the system, in the first, there is an independent movement of water.

Natural wiring

The system with the natural movement of the coolant has both positive and negative sides. The main advantage lies in the fact that such a layout of the heating system of a private house is volatile.

The disadvantages include the complexity of the installation (it is necessary to observe the slope), as well as the need for the use of large diameter pipelines, which affects the appearance of the room.

Wiring with forced circulation

The scheme with forced movement of the coolant is the most optimal option for two-story houses. It provides for a special circulating pump that circulates the liquid in the system.

Heating distribution in a private house with a wall boiler can also be used (see photo below).

Pipes for heating systems

For the laying of the main lines, metal-plastic, polypropylene, copper, steel, and also pipes made of galvanized or stainless steel can be used.

Steel

During the installation, steel pipelines are welded, galvanized and stainless pipes are preferably connected by threaded connections. If the distribution of heating in a private house with a wall boiler requires the use of metal pipes, it is advisable to pay special attention to the selection of skilled workers.

For today metal pipes at construction of cottages are used seldom enough. This is directly related to their high price and complexity of installation work.

Copper

Copper pipes are the most reliable option for installing heating systems. They are able to withstand both high pressure and high temperatures. Copper pipes are connected together by soldering. However, because of the high cost, they are used only in exceptional cases.

Polypropylene

The most optimal option is heating distribution in a private house made of polypropylene pipes. There are many varieties of these pipes, for example, reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum. With the help of a special soldering iron there is a soldering of the elements. In comparison with the above options, these pipes and fittings have a negligible cost.

Metal-Plastic

To install a heating system from metal-plastic pipes, no professional skills are required. Pipe connections are made using fittings. To the disadvantages of this material is the too high coefficient of thermal expansion, which in time can lead to the appearance of a leak. There is no sediment on the plastic and polypropylene pipelines.

Before making a heating scheme, you must select the material from which it will be executed. As it was noted earlier, copper pipelines are considered to be the most durable.