Homeliness, Building
Replacement of electrical wiring in a private house. Replacement of electrical wiring in the apartment
If you live in an old building, then the replacement of the wiring is simply necessary. The old electric grids are difficult to withstand the loads exerted on them by modern electrical equipment. They just do not meet the new security requirements.
The simplest requirements were applied to the means of defense. For example, only the electric stove was grounded. Many Russians regularly make repairs in the apartment, but before the replacement of electrical networks, hands do not reach. Everything works fine, so there is no problem, but it is not. They will appear, but it will be too late.
Replacement of electrical wiring with their own hands will save the family budget and get an electrical network that corresponds to modern electrical equipment, have good outlets and switches in the right and convenient place.
The work on the replacement of the electrical network must be carried out according to all the rules and comply with modern safety requirements. Only then can you guarantee a comfortable stay of the family in this room.
Conditions of installation of electric systems
A professional electrician and home technician should know and observe certain requirements when installing new electrical networks:
Replacement of electrical wiring in the apartment is made entirely. When you change the wires in parts, many unnecessary and unnecessary connections are formed. Old aluminum wires can get micro cracks when bending, and this can lead to their failure, you will have to open the wall and repair again.
Before starting the replacement of the wiring, a plan is drawn up for the arrangement of outlets and switches, lighting devices. The places where energy-intensive appliances will be located are determined, separate lines are used for them, so it will not be easy to rearrange them subsequently.
The consumption of electricity per line is compulsory. The power consumption per each must not exceed 5 kW.
It is not necessary to save on the quality of outlets, switches and other small things. The more qualitative it is, the safer it is to live in such an apartment.
Wiring is better to change before starting plastering. For laying, tubes are used, corrugated or smooth. In the junction of wires, special boxes are installed, they provide free access to them.
Replacement of electrical wiring should be done in the simplest way, which will make it possible to easily carry out the next repair. Aluminum wiring serves about 30 years, copper longer.
Electric wiring of a private house
The replacement of wiring in a private house differs little from the change of wires in the apartment. The difference is that houses are two-story or more. To this, various sources of electrical network connection are added.
Electrical wiring of the apartment is connected to the power supply panel, it is located on the staircase of the house, and a private cottage is connected from the power line or from the transformer of the village. The principle of wiring for a private house is the same as in an ordinary apartment.
A scheme is made for the placement of all sockets, switches, household and lighting devices. Old wiring is dismantled and a new one is installed.
Wiring consists of 2 groups: lighting devices and sockets. Because of this, it is mounted in the room from two different parts. One is responsible for lighting devices, the other for sockets. The load on the network will also vary, so the wire is often used differently. Using two wiring simplifies repairs in the event of an accident. If in the evening lights ceased to work, then you can turn on additional ones by using the outlet.
Replacement of electrical wiring in the house can be open or hidden, it all depends on the material from which the house is made. If it has several floors, then everyone should be connected separately. It is desirable that each room is connected separately and has two automatic machines. One is responsible for the sockets, the other for the lighting fixtures. With this connection scheme, a short circuit in one room will not affect the supply of electricity to other rooms.
According to the instruction, all modern devices must be grounded, therefore in a private house you need to have a good ground loop. The electric cable in such ownership is carried out in a vertical or horizontal direction, it is not necessary to get carried away by loops and bends, they are inadmissible.
Replacement of electrical wiring in the apartment
Many Russians are reluctant to take such a step as replacing the old electrical wiring. Only a hopeless situation makes them do this work. It is worth noting that the timely replacement of electrical wiring allows you to protect the housing from a lot of problems.
Electric wiring replacement project
When you begin to replace the electrical wiring, remember that everything must be done according to the requirements and norms required for the installation of electrical networks in the apartment. The main thing to do first of all is to calculate the future consumed load of all electrical equipment in the apartment and select the appropriate electrical cable.
Preliminary work
Initial calculations:
For energy-intensive devices, plan a separate line that can withstand the maximum load.
Choose the most convenient locations for outlets and switches.
In advance to choose lighting fixtures for all rooms of the apartment.
Calculate the power consumption that all electrical appliances and equipment installed in the apartment will consume. It's simple: each device has a passport, where the necessary parameters are specified. The total flow should be increased by a certain amount (in case other electrical appliances are added).
To avoid possible errors, consult a specialist.
Replacement of electrical wiring in the panel house is carried out in two ways.
Remove the old plaster, remove the worn out wiring and lay the new one in the freed grooves.
Leave the old wiring in the walls, and for the new make grooves and put the cooked cable in them.
Preferably the first option. This will avoid mistakes, the old wiring was mounted according to all the rules and was adopted by a special commission.
Purchasing the right equipment
The work should begin only after all the necessary devices and small things have been purchased. Do not skimp on, get only quality equipment. It will be located in places, access to which is difficult, there is no permanent control over them, so there must be confidence in their operability and technical serviceability.
For the work on the replacement of wiring you need: the cable of the required cross-section and length, the pipes for laying the wiring in them, the devices for distribution and switching of the wiring, the sockets, switches, the necessary tool that makes the work qualitative and fast.
Selection of instruments and materials
The first step is to determine which cable will be used - aluminum or copper. You can use both, but copper has better technical characteristics of electrical conductivity.
The choice of cable cross-section is better entrusted to specialists, they will do it more professionally than the home master.
List of works when replacing the old cable
The replacement of electrical wiring in a Khrushchevka does not differ from the order of work in an ordinary apartment. When replacing the old cable, use existing and newly laid grooves.
Arrangement of new wiring
Work to replace the old internal electrical networks in the apartment is divided into several stages:
Old ones are cleaned and new channels for electrical wiring are being prepared.
The places where new switches and sockets, distribution boxes will be located are deepened.
Installation of wiring.
Installation of the switchboard.
Old channels are cleaned, and new ones are prepared with the help of shtroborez, Bulgarian. Work better in the respirator and earplugs, so the respiratory organs will be protected from dust, and the ears - from strong noise. The work is dirty, try to immediately remove the concrete crumb and dust. An excellent assistant in this you will be a vacuum cleaner.
After the channels, grooves are prepared for junction boxes, sockets and switches. To perform this work a perforator with various nozzles is used. At the end of the recess, they are cleaned of dirt and dust.
After the preparation of the channels, the installation of the electrical wiring begins. Installation of the cable must be carried out, strictly adhering to the planned plan. Wiring in the ducts is fixed with gypsum, mounting clamps.
When connecting copper wires, their ends are soldered with solder. The final stage of the work is the installation of a power switchboard. The cable is formed according to the power of the lines, and a separate automaton is installed for each group. This will provide better protection of wiring and electrical appliances and will allow you to monitor the state of the electricity network in the apartment.
The installation of wiring should be done in such a way as to have easy access to it during operation and occurrence of abnormal situations.
Checking
After the completion of all work, the electrical network must be checked. It is produced by a special device - a megger. It measures the insulation resistance of the cable. If everything conforms to the accepted norms, it is possible to turn on the power supply. Verification and properly conducted work will ensure that a short circuit or, worse, a fire can not occur.
If the check and the first start-up are normal, then you can start the finishing work.
Results
Replacement of electrical wiring, at first glance, is not such a complicated matter. I punched the grooves, replaced the cable, that's all. But actually it is not. Replacement of the electric network in the apartment is a painstaking and well thought out work, therefore it must be carried out strictly according to the developed plan, adhering to all the prescribed rules and advice of professional electricians. If you have performed all the work correctly, the apartment will receive reliable and safe electrical wiring.
Replacement of electrical wiring in the car
Over time, the wiring in the car wears out. Contacts oxidize, there is rust in some places, and even breakdown, because of all these problems the fuse constantly burns.
Now there are various gadgets and additions that are also connected to worn out wiring. Over time, it becomes like a bunch of noodles, tied in some places with insulation. To correct this situation it is possible only in the event that the electrical wiring is replaced (VAZ, for example).
The easiest way is to contact a professional electrician. He will solve the problem, but it will cost part of your home budget.
If you have the confidence that you will manage the work yourself, then prepare the electrical diagrams and go to the autoshop. Acquire in it all the materials you need to replace the electrical wiring and get to work. It is worth noting that the replacement of wiring in the car should be done only with 100% confidence in success.
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