Pitched roof of the house: types, design, units and device

The erection of the roof is the final stage of the construction of any building. She plays not only a technical role, but also is the decoration of the house. If you have decided that there will be a pitched roof on your housing, you should know that such structures are difficult. Depending on the shape of the ramp, the inclined roof can be gable, single-pitch or hipped. Such designs can have a variety of shapes: spire, pyramidal, conical, etc. Climatic conditions made pitched roofs the most common in suburban construction.

general description

The pitched roof contributes to the natural flow of melted and rainwater. The angle is determined by the angle at which the slope is inclined to the horizon. These structures have an angle of not less than 5 °, however, they are also equipped with those in which the individual sections have a right angle of inclination. Depending on what the overall architecture of the house, climate, finish coat, and selected material, pitched roof can have a certain device. For example, if there is a sufficiently large amount of precipitation in your region, and the roofing is not very dense, then the stingrays must be steep. In strong winds, to reduce pressure, the surface should be more shallow. If you choose the right slope, you will be able to reduce the cost of construction and labor. Steep designs are more expensive, as they involve the use of materials in a larger volume.

Main types of pitched roofs

4-pitched roof refers to one of the varieties of the same name designs. Among them it is necessary to distinguish one-pitch, two-pitch, half-hail, mansard, dome, conical, pyramidal, and also four-claw. One-pitches are the simplest in form, they will divert water in only one direction. They are used to cover small houses, fenders, extensions, temporary structures and economic buildings. The facility in this case will not have an attic or space under the roof.

2-pitched roof is used in low-rise construction. It has a rectangular shape, and the side parts are called pediments. The semi-western roof differs from the four-sloped roof in that the inclined planes cut off a part of the pediment in it. Pyramidal roofs are used when in the plan the house has a square shape or the shape of a regular rectangle.

Construction and basic units

Roof pitched roofs have two main elements, namely, enclosing and bearing. The latter are necessary to take loads from snow, wind and the roof itself. With their help, the weight is distributed on the bearing walls and separately located supports. At the same time, rigid requirements are imposed on the strength of the bearing elements. The main components are the Mauerlat and the rafter system. It should be noted that the device pitched roof means fasteners in the form of racks, struts and crossbars. The necessary rigidity can be achieved with the help of a truss farm.

Mauerlat is a cant, which stands as a support for inclined rafters made of wood. This element distributes the load from the roof. Mauerlatt is a kind of foundation for the design. If you want to make a roof in the classical sense, then for the device Mauerlat should use a bar with a side of 15 cm. The minimum value for the bar is 10 cm. The pitched roof by the hands of the home master can be performed. If she has a Mauerlatt, then it should be placed along the entire length of the building or set only under the rafter feet.

When using rafter legs of a small cross-section, the system can be used during operation. In order to eliminate this problem, it is necessary to install a grate, which will consist of crossbars, struts and struts. To perform racks and struts, you should prepare a 15-centimeter board, the thickness of which should be equal to 2.5 cm. You can use wooden plates made from wooden logs with a diameter of 13 cm or more. Mauerlatt should be located on the top edge of the wall, and also go towards the inner or outer edge.

One of the main nodes - Mauerlat

The 4-pitched roof has a mauerlat that should be 5 cm or closer from the edge of the outer planes of the walls. Fixation to the wall should be carried out in a way that does not create a sail, which will contribute to heavy loads in strong winds. Most often, wood is used as material for the Mauerlat, but if the roof frame is made of metal, then I can use an I-beam or a channel.

Roof in the field of Mauerlat

If you are thinking about how to make a pitched roof with a Mauerlate, then the laying of the latter is carried out on the waterproofing layer, which the ruberoid can perform. From the top of the attic floor, you can retreat 40 cm. Each 5 m run runs on the struts, which are cut to the bottom with their lower ends. The angle between the strut and the rafter should be approximately 90 °. If the roof truss is to have a long length when the pitched roof device is installed, the installation of additional supports must be carried out taking into account the support of the lezhony. Each link of the Mauerlat should be fastened with two links, located in the neighborhood and simultaneously fixed to the rafters. On the perimeter of the roofing system, a reliable structure must be formed. But individual segments of the Mauerlat can be located under the rafter's feet.

Truss system

The 4-pitched roof has a load-bearing structure in the form of a rafter system, it includes rafter legs, inclined struts, and vertical racks. Rafters are made of wood, mixed materials, metal or reinforced concrete. Fastening elements are bolts, struts, struts, and racks. Rafters are connected to farms.

For reference

The rafter system must be connected in a triangle, which is due to its rigidity and stability. For rafters, you can use a beam of different cross-sections, which is determined by the length of the rafter legs, the estimated load, and the distance between the rafters. If we are talking about simple designs, then the cross section can vary from 40x150 to 100x250 mm.

Semi-wool roof with own hands

If you decide to build a house, a pitched roof can be the best solution, one of the varieties of this design is a half-horn roof. Such roofs are suitable for regions with strong wind loads, as they protect the construction from air currents, excluding gable awning and inflation. The attic space will be original, it can be used as a dwelling. Experts recommend to adhere to a certain technology in construction. At the first stage, a screed is poured around the perimeter of the roof, studs are installed in it every 120 centimeters or less, whose diameter is 10 mm. These fasteners are fitted with locking bars, tightened with nuts. This will allow you to form a mauerlat, to which after you will install the rafter system.

The next step will be the installation of inclined rafters, which will be based on the outer walls. In order to reduce the load on the last of them, it is necessary to carry out the tightening, which connects the rafter legs with each other. The edge will rest against the outer walls, while the inner part will rest on the supports and internal walls.

It fixes the rafters to the ridge beam, which fits to the top. He will connect the pillars with each other. On the hips, the joists are strengthened to the extreme supports. All the rest should be fixed to the ridge. Installation of intermediate rafters is carried out in the next stage. The step between them should be equal to the width of the thermal insulation, this parameter varies from 60 to 120 cm. Next, crossbeams must be installed.

Sidewall construction

The first step is to determine what the angle of the roof will be . Intermediate values lie between 11 and 60 °. Everything will depend on atmospheric phenomena, materials at the base of the roof, and also architectural features of the house. For the northern regions, the ramp should be equal to 40 °, and the snow will not linger on the roof. In strong winds, the angle of inclination should be small. In the steppe and coastal regions, this parameter ranges from 11 to 45 °.

Technique of work on the construction of a saddle roof

For regions with strong winds a flat roof can approach, a pitched roof should be given a certain slope. After this, you can start building a rafter system. This roof unit can be sliding, hanging or stratified. The latter is the simplest, while the rafters must rest on the outer walls and the central beam. The length of the rafter leg can be equal to 4.5 m, but only if it is one-piece, it is not permissible to connect the elements for increasing the length.

The most difficult in the design and construction are the suspended rafters, they are applicable if there is a need to get large spans. They are collected on the ground with their own crates, and after that they are raised upwards, leaning on the extreme supports. After the roof of the attic, the attic floor is beaten, which gives the structure a higher strength. For rafters of a single-pitched roof, it is best to use beams with a section of 30x150 mm. The distance between the beams should be 80 cm.

The slope should be reversed to the leeward side. The number of supports of the beams must coincide, and the beam and the rafter should form a triangle. The rafters are laid one end into the nest of the Mauerlat, while the other end should be slashed into the cant with nails. To improve reliability, they are twisted with a wire. Mauerlat for safety is tied to the wall or fixed with long anchor bolts.

Recommendations of a specialist for flat roofing

The next step will be the manufacture of a lath of planed boards, which are treated with fireproof and moisture-proof substances. Planks are located perpendicular to the rafters, the distance between them should not be more than 15 cm. For the grid, square bars with a side of 50 mm should be used. Next, the vapor barrier is laid and fixed to the crate with small nails with a wide bonnet. The latter are sometimes replaced by staples of a construction stapler. This will not only accelerate the time of work, but also extend the lifespan of the rafters.

At the next stage, the thermal insulation and the waterproofing layer are installed, the last of which is unwound perpendicular to the rafters. It is important to ensure the overlap of the next strip to the previous one, and the seams should be sealed.

Conclusion

Roof systems, which are an integral part of pitched roofs, can have in the structure of attic farms, farms with an upper belt of complex shape, scissor farms or two-slope trusses. As the main element of the rafter system are the legs, which serve as a support for the trolley. They are laid along the roof slope.

The most suitable slope for a roofed roof of a bathhouse, which you want to cover with a roofing felt, is the indicator from 10 to 15 °. It will be sufficient for a two-layer coating from the underlying and outer layers of the roofing material. But when building a rafter system, you need to take into account the size of the building. If it will be of a large size, then the design must be supplemented by racks and fights.