Functions of the state: concept, classifications, various scientific approaches

In the theory of the state, one of the most common and most significant issues is considered the concept of "state functions", their classification and types. The importance of this issue can be explained by the fact that, first of all, with the help of the roles performed, the country manifests its social purpose. In addition, the functions performed by it determine the structure of internal apparatuses and organs. In fact, the structure of the activities of the government in this case is determined by those relations in society that are subject to mandatory regulation by the authorities. It is obvious that a change in at least one function of the state has an impact on the activities of its apparatus: subdivisions appear and are being abolished, new concepts for the management of society are being developed.

It should be noted that there is no unambiguous definition of the "function of the state". This concept can be viewed from different angles. In addition, many researchers differentiate the function, tasks and methods of its impact differently. A.P. Glebov defines his role as the appointment of power, which is realized when an impact on a certain group of social relations. Such relationships are often called function objects.

Some researchers believe that, under the function of the state, it is necessary to understand not some direction of activity, not sections of the activity of power, but specific steps that it applies. It is important to understand that any definition of the function of the state can not be unequivocally considered correct or, conversely, incorrect.

Analyzing various thematic sources, it is easy to note that assigning a certain role of the country to the function of power is quite subjective. In addition, the attribution of a particular function of the state to some particular type is ambiguous. Today, studying legal literature, it is possible to note completely opposite views on the classification of its roles in the regulation of social relations.

Considering the most popular signs in the legal literature of classification of functions of the state, it is worth noting the following groups:

• On objects subject to the function;
• On the duration of a single exposure;
• On the importance for society as a whole;
• By the principle of division of power;
• On the territorial scale of impact.

Studying the basic functions of the state, we should immediately pay attention to their division into two categories: internal and external. The first include roles that affect solely the social, economic, legal relationships within the country. The latter include the functions of the state, which directly or indirectly affect relations with other countries, their groupings and coalitions.

Modern jurists differently share the state's roles. Thus, N.T. Shestaev refers to internal functions:

• security;
• Management of the economy;
• Provision of social services;
• Protection of the population;
• Cultural and educational role;
• Protection of Nature.

To the external functions of the state this researcher reckons:

• Ensuring the sovereignty and protection of the country from external enemies;
• Development of international diplomacy;
• Support of economic, cultural and public relations between different states;
• Investigation of international crimes;
• Protection of the environment.

In conclusion, we note that, in addition to the main roles, there are specific functions of the state that arise as a result of policies (both external and internal), socio-economic status, and social sentiments.