Frontal sinus osteoma: treatment, removal, consequences

Various disorders in the process of cell formation in physiological tissues provoke the formation of tumors. In turn, neoplasms are classified into good and malignant. For the first, a relatively slow growth is characteristic. Benign tumors do not cause disorders of other systems and organs. To this category of neoplasms is the osteoma of the frontal sinus. Next, consider this pathology in more detail.

General information

Osteoma of the sinus is a process of improper differentiation of bone tissue. This neoplasm does not form malignant cells. Osteoma of the sinus does not provoke disturbances in brain function. Pathology can begin its development in childhood (early) age and complete its full formation by 18-20 years.

Features

The initial course of the disease is almost invisible. The osteoma of the frontal sinus can be revealed completely by accident, in the process of any accompanying laboratory research. For example, often a neoplasm is revealed by radiography about head injuries. In the process of tumor development, there is no metastasis of cells. Neoplasm does not affect the conjugate areas of physiological tissues.

Causes

Experts at the present time do not know the exact factors provoking the neoplasm. Nevertheless, several of the most common alleged causes are called. Among them:

• Frequent colds complicated by sinusitis and other sinusitis.
• Disturbances in genetic differentiation of bone tissue during the intrauterine period of development. These disorders can be provoked by viral and bacterial infectious agents.
• Lack of vitamin D and calcium deficiency.
• Injuries and all sorts of consequences of laboratory diagnostic procedures, which are associated with the puncture of the maxillary sinus.
• Irradiation, radiographic including.
• Unfavorable environmental conditions.

Osteoma of the bone as a whole can develop not only in the wedge-shaped, frontal, latticed bone of the skull. Often, the neoplasm is detected in the bodies of the vertebrae and lower limbs. Osteoma in the spinous processes is less common. In these cases, it is necessary to carry out a differentiated diagnosis, excluding the development of osteophytes on the soil of a continuous current change in the structure of the vertebral column of the degenerate type.

Frontal sinus osteoma: a description

This localization is considered the most common for this type of tumor. The course of the disease is almost asymptomatic, prolonged. In general, frontal sinus osteoma without special research activities is diagnosed very difficult. The specialist can assume the disease in case of a change in the voice of the patient, in the presence of severe pain in the head of a constant nature. One-sided lesion, for example, the osteoma of the right frontal sinus, is accompanied by visual disturbances on one eye. The bilateral shape develops quite quickly. It manifests itself against Gardner's disease. It is believed that this is one of the most dangerous forms in which osteoma of the frontal sinus is manifested. The operation should be carried out in this case as soon as possible. Against the background of this type of pathology, neoplasms can be detected by local groups in the bones of the lower extremities, the vertebral column.

Clinical picture

How is osteoma of the frontal sinus manifested? Symptoms of pathology are manifested only in cases when the tumor, growing, begins to affect the conjugated physiological tissues. In this case, there may be a violation in the circulation of certain areas. This, in turn, provokes atrophy in the tissues. As a result, the normal functioning of this or that area is disrupted. As observations show, manifestations of pathology depend on its classification. For example, specialists identify a hyperplastic tumor. It develops due to the rapid growth of ordinary cells of the bone, layered on the physiological layer. As a result, a pathological thickening in a certain area of the element is revealed. Along with this, thinning of bone tissue is observed near the hypertrophied area. This, in turn, increases the likelihood of fractures and cracks.

Hyperplastic form

This type of tumor is formed from cells of connective and cartilaginous tissues, followed by calcification and deposition of various kinds of salts. Most of the hyperplastic form of the pathology is the initial stage of the osteophyte. It is localized in the spinous processes of the spine. Pathology can manifest itself in the form of typical symptoms of osteochondrosis. During the examination, a dense neoplasm may be found on the spinous processes. It is painless and motionless when palpated. The physiological volume of mobility is maintained within normal limits.

Manifestations of a hyperplastic form of pathology

Symptoms of the disease can be visible physical defects. For example, it can be the formation of a built-up edge, a thickening of the bone, which is distinguished by asymmetry in the face or other part of the body. Against the background of squeezing blood vessels and nerve fibers, pain and numbness can occur. In particular, these manifestations are clearly observed in the region of the lower extremities. In some cases, neuropathy may develop, and the lack of blood supply to the affected part of the body may develop. With hyperplastic osteoma in the frontal sinus, there is a feeling of compression inside the nasal cavity and in the forehead. The nasal mucosa is usually dry and very prone to infection. This causes patients to have a chronic rhinitis that can not be eliminated by vasoconstrictors. The most dangerous manifestation, which is accompanied by one-sided pathology, in particular, the osteoma of the left frontal sinus, is a sharp reduction in the visual acuity of one eye. To this, over time, attacks of severe pain in the head may be added, as well as epileptic clinical seizures accompanied by clonic convulsions. In early childhood it can provoke paralysis of the nervous system, cardiac arrest and respiration.

Diagnosis of pathology

As mentioned above, it is rather difficult to detect the disease, because during the entire growth of the tumor (and this is 3-4 years), patients turn to specialists with complaints typical of other syndromes and conditions. Differential diagnosis is performed after the patient undergoes a radiologic examination. The detection of the disease is carried out using histological analysis of hypertrophied tissue. In this case, an expert should exclude a malignant tumor, poliomyelitis, and ricket changes. Primary examination is performed using the X-ray method and computer tomogram. At this stage, it is important to exclude sarcoma and Ewing's tumor. These neoplasms are distinguished by a high degree of malignancy and, rapidly progressing, will soon cause a lethal outcome.

Frontal sinus osteoma: treatment

To date, there is only one way to eliminate pathology. It is an excision of excessively overgrown bone tissue. Removal of the osteoma of the frontal sinus is carried out using general anesthesia. During the intervention, the skin is opened. In special cases, trepanation of the cranial bone may be necessary. After this, the surgeon conducts a thorough resection of the altered area. At the same time, osteosclerosis sites with damaged blood vessels are also subject to removal. During the intervention, not only the neoplasm itself, but also a part of the plate of healthy bone tissue, on which the tumor was located, is eliminated. Removal of frontal sinus osteoma is prescribed in the event that the lesion actively expands and there are sufficiently pronounced signs of deterioration in the patient's health. If neoplasm does not develop and does not cause anxiety, it is enough to conduct regular examination and dynamic observation.

Rehabilitation period

After surgery, the patient undergoes restoration. At the first stage, rehabilitation takes place in a surgical hospital. Here, measures are taken to prevent the secondary appearance of the neoplasm and to accelerate the regenerative processes. In the future, rehabilitation consists in the correct organization of the rest and labor regime. The patient is prescribed a special diet with a large amount of calcium. To successfully prevent the development of pathology, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures. They should be aimed at reducing the likelihood of the occurrence of colds for at least the first six months after surgery. In general, to prevent complications in both primary and secondary development of the disease, it is necessary to visit a doctor in a timely manner. Early diagnosis in many cases avoids the severe consequences of osteoma.