Fire safety rules in school. Evacuation plan in case of fire

Everyone understands what a terrible danger is the fire and how important it is to protect our children from harm. Why is fire safety at school so important? Pictures that we see from the small years on the walls of any children's (and not only) institutions - menacing flames, people with fire extinguishers, and evacuation schemes with endless arrows. What is their task? Do they need us? How to ensure that the rules of fire safety in the school did not remain an empty sound, but respected by everyone?

Any educational institution is a place of mass gathering of children. Their health, and sometimes life itself, depends on many factors, and fire safety is the most important of them. We are talking about schools, kindergartens, children's art houses, boarding schools, summer health camps and so on. Therefore, today we will talk about such a concept as the organization of fire safety in any children's institution.

What it is? What measures are provided for by law in this matter? Are there officially developed fire safety rules in the school, or does each institution act at its own risk? Who is responsible for everything? What documents exist on this score? Fire safety in school is one of the most important issues, and, of course, there are certain, and strictly regulated standards for its compliance. Violation of them is fraught with serious penalties for management.

The organization of fire safety in any children's institution is detailed in a standard instruction, not only the director, but also everyone who works with children should know and observe. It deals with a lot of issues - from measures to prevent fires to evacuation in the event of a natural disaster. The number, placement and serviceability of heating appliances, the state of electrical wiring, the availability of emergency exits - all are included in the concept of "fire safety". Instruction in the school to comply with it is mandatory for all employees.

Let us consider in detail what he is like.

The law of fire safety requires the law to be observed in all types of schools, colleges, boarding schools, kindergartens, as well as music, sports and art institutions, regardless of departmental affiliation.

Leaders, employees and students in institutions need to know and follow these rules, and in the event of a fire, ensure all measures to extinguish and evacuate people.

Responsible for ensuring the security of the institution head - director or manager.

What should the head of an educational institution do?

Its task is to provide fire safety measures at a school or other children's institution and monitor their compliance by employees and students, eliminate shortcomings, familiarize children and employees with safety rules and conduct firefighting instruction. In addition, the head must appoint responsible officials who can be admitted to work only on condition that they receive instruction.

Students should regularly take lessons in the study of safety rules. For schoolchildren from the 4th to the 11th, such events are provided once every quarter. It is necessary to conduct explanatory conversations with the kindergarten pupils and primary school pupils about the danger of fire and measures to prevent it. Regularly, at least once a year, a month of fire safety in the school. On it in the educational-game form, the children fix and work out the acquired skills. Among the pupils are organized squads of young firefighters.

Evacuation plan in case of fire

In the event of a fire, there must be an evacuation plan. The task of the head is to ensure its development and approval. Also, the sequence of notification of people and the duty of everyone in extreme conditions should be thought through.

The evacuation plan in the event of a fire and the procedure for conducting it must be regularly reviewed when circumstances change. At least once every six months, practical exercises should be conducted to test the actions in case of fire. In children's institutions, functioning seasonally, such activities are provided before each shift.

In addition, the tasks of the manager include the appointment of closing procedures at the end of the working day and control over compliance with established rules by tenant organizations, if any. He also reports to the fire safety authorities on the measures being taken.

In the evening and at night

In the children's homes or other round the clock facilities there is a duty officer who, at night and in the evening, as well as on weekends, is required to monitor whether the fire safety of the facilities is observed. To do this, he must carry out certain actions.

When entering the office, the person in charge must check the condition of the fire fighting equipment, if the telephone line is functioning properly, as well as fire alarm and lighting. Be sure to make sure that the outputs are not cluttered up, and the doors can be easily opened if necessary. For this it is important to regularly inspect all corridors, tambours, halls, foyers and vestibules.

If violations are found, the duty officer must eliminate them on his own or inform the head (his deputy).

He must have information about the number and location of pupils and employees of the institution. If necessary, he communicates this information to the fire department. The duty officer is obliged to have with him a complete set of keys from all exits and car gates, as well as an electric torch.

General requirements

Fire safety measures in the school (other children's institution), first of all, concern the territory and buildings. Before the school year or at the beginning of the 1st shift for seasonal camps, their readiness is checked by the relevant commissions, including representatives of fire supervision. What will they pay attention to?

On the cleanliness of the territory. Fallen leaves, combustible waste and dry grass should be regularly collected and exported. Roads and thoroughfares should always be free. If in connection with the repair or for some other reason a separate section of the road or road is required to be closed, this should be urgently alerted to the fire department. In the intervals between buildings, you can not store materials or put transport. You can not build fires in the territory, burn garbage or open kitchen fires.

Requirements for premises

If the building is multi-storey, classes or groups for younger children are placed only on the first and second floors. This is required by fire safety in primary school and kindergarten. The capacity of each room should not exceed the norm, and furniture and equipment placed in the offices - to prevent the free exit of people. Means of firefighting should always be in sight.

Warning signs and safety signs are posted in every corridor, hall, lobby. Evacuation exits are not cluttered. Doors are supplied with devices for self-closing, the serviceability of which is regularly monitored. While people are in the building, all evacuation exits are locked only from the inside to locks that are easy to open (hooks, latches).

In those rooms where children are constantly, carpets and tracks are rigidly attached to the floor.

Besides

Fire safety of objects is taken into account at the stage of their design. You can not reschedule a building without taking into account building norms and requirements, and also to finish walls and ceilings with combustible materials. This applies to evacuation routes - staircases, recreations, vestibules.

It is forbidden to install blinds, gratings and other non-removable devices on the windows of premises, remove the doors between the corridors and staircases, tighten the evacuation exits tightly.

You can not use homemade appliances for heating. Electric tiles and kettles, boilers, gas stoves can be used for labor training or cooking only in specially designated rooms. On the evacuation routes there should be no mirrors and false doors.

Requirements for equipment and lighting

It is strictly forbidden to wrap electric lamps with any combustible materials (cloth, paper), use kerosene lamps and candles, and use flammable compounds when cleaning.

It is impossible to warm the heating pipes and any other communications with open fire - only with steam, sand or hot water. It is forbidden to store wiping material in cabinets and pockets of overalls, to leave unattended electrical appliances included in the network (including televisions, radios, etc.).

The clothes and footwear dryer is arranged in a special room or a cabinet made of non-combustible material, heating is carried out only by water radiators. Welding works are carried out exclusively with the permission (written) of the head, in accordance with the requirements of the relevant rules.

Use irons (with serviceable light indicators and temperature controllers) should be in special rooms under the supervision of the responsible worker. Other works or storage of laundry in them are not allowed. Irons are placed on stands made of refractory materials.

Heating and ventilation

At the beginning of the heating season, boiler rooms and all associated appliances are carefully checked and, if necessary, repaired, the staff is instructed. It is prohibited to carry out any foreign work in the boiler houses.

Under no circumstances should you allow gas leakage or leakage of fuel, supply it with extinguished gas burners or injectors, start work if control devices are faulty.

On the construction of equipment it is forbidden to dry shoes and clothes, and also to leave unattended operating boilers.

Stove heating

The rules of fire safety in a school with stove heating contain additional requirements. If the furnace is operating, a metal sheet 50 by 70 cm is fastened at the opening of its furnace on the floor. Chimneys and pipes are cleaned of soot at least once every two months during the heating season.

During the holidays and events, the stove must not be heated. With a 24-hour stay in the children's institution, the process of burning should end no later than two hours before the pupils leave for bed.

It is strictly forbidden to use gasoline, kerosene, other flammable liquids, as well as to leave unattended operating ovens and instruct children to look after them. Do not operate the equipment with faulty doors and use too large firewood.

Fuel should be stored in special rooms or on sites no closer than 10 meters from the building. It is not allowed to keep it in the basement and basement floors.

Electrical equipment

All electrical equipment in children's institutions must comply with the requirements of safety regulations. Administration ensures its maintenance and preventive inspections, eliminates the noticed shortcomings.

Connections and branches of conductors of cables and wires are carried out by pressing, brazing, welding, using special clamps. It is not allowed to place temporary power grids, except for construction sites.

Also, it is not possible to install external wiring and aerial lines over combustible canopies and roofs, stacks of tare, and storage of combustible materials.

Electric motors must not be covered and should be wiped periodically from dust. Faults that can cause a short circuit must be rectified as a matter of urgency.

Defective mains and equipment must be shut down immediately.

Do not use wires and cables with broken insulation, use unreliable sockets, twist electrical wires and hang lamps, clothes and other items on them.

Water supply in case of fire and fire extinguishing means

Fire trucks should be regularly subjected to maintenance and monitoring of their operability. They should be equipped with sleeves, placed in sealed cabinets. Such sleeves should be kept dry, properly rolled up and connected to cranes. Once a year, they are checked by starting up water.

In all children's institutions there must be the necessary fire extinguishing equipment, regardless of the availability of fire hydrants. Places of their location are marked on the evacuation plans (GOST 12.1.114-82).

Manual fire extinguishers (GOST 12.4.009-83) should be located at a height of no more than 1.5 meters above the floor on special stands, in cabinets along with fire hydrants. The text of the instructions on their bodies should be clearly visible. Place them in easily accessible places.

Other extinguishing media

As you know, the buildings are divided into categories according to the degree of fire resistance. For educational institutions located in rural areas and having a degree of fire resistance from III to V, fire posts are required.

Each such post is mandatory equipped with a stand with a set of necessary primary means. What does it concern?

These are two fire extinguishers with a capacity of 10 liters (for foam) or 5 liters (for powder), a ladder, buckets (4 pcs.), Hogs, axes, shovels - 2 pcs., Two barrels of water 0.25 cubic meters each. (In the winter - boxes with sand).

Use extinguishing media for household and other needs is prohibited.

Fire requirements for different rooms

In school classrooms, it is necessary to place materials, furniture, models, devices, etc., which are absolutely necessary for the learning process. Store chemicals in laboratory or other special premises on racks or in cabinets.

Demonstration of transparencies, slides, is made with observance of special requirements. This is the installation of a thin film projector or a diaprojector on the side opposite the exit, the presence of only one group of students (not more than 50 people), the maintenance of the installation by specially trained persons, the storage of movies or slides in tightly closed boxes.

In the conduct of cultural events prior to their beginning, all evacuation exits and ways, fire extinguishing means are thoroughly checked, faults are eliminated.

During the appointment, duty is assigned to employees and high school students. The responsible teacher must stay with the children at all times, be instructed about the security measures and evacuation procedures.

Fire safety in school - activities

If the object has I or II degree of fire resistance, cultural events can be held on any floor, and in buildings with a III-V degree, only at the first. In this case, the walls must be plastered. In the premises of the basement and socle floors, any mass events are not allowed.

Filling people's halls above the standard is prohibited. The number of places in the visual series without a gap between them is no more than certain by the standard. The same applies to the distance between rows. Norms are calculated for objects, depending on the class of fire resistance and evacuation capabilities.

The width of the passageways in such premises should not be less than a meter. Intersecting or oncoming flows of outgoing people should not be. The width of the passages and the installation of additional spaces between the rows is prohibited.

Fire New Year

Talk about the holidays - they are particularly relevant fire safety in the school. Measures of a mass character are possible only with the observance of a number of requirements. When holding a Christmas tree, the decoration of the hall is made by a qualified electrician. The illumination is mounted reliably, the lights of the garlands should not be more powerful than 25 W.

The electric wires supplying the lighting are flexible, with good insulation, connected to the mains by a plug.

In case of a malfunction of Christmas tree illumination, it should be immediately turned off until the problem is solved.

Suits for children and adults from cotton wool, paper and other combustible materials are not allowed.

You can not use celluloid toys, candles and fireworks when decorating a Christmas tree, and also decorate the stand and branches with cotton wool.

If the fire did happen

In the first place, care must be taken to evacuate children. If there are signs of fire, the employee of the institution is obliged to call the fire department urgently, calling the address, the location of the fire, its own post and surname. Then, notifying people about the event, start taking the children to a safe place, using the evacuation plan in case of fire. It is necessary to inform the leader or his deputy about the incident, to arrange a meeting of firefighters and to assist in extinguishing by available means.

The head of the institution who came to the fire should lead the evacuation, remove from the fire zone persons who are not engaged in the elimination of the fire, if necessary call an ambulance.

Actions in the process of evacuation and extinguishing

Fire safety rules at school require working out to automatism of behavioral skills in children and adults. First of all, you need to determine the safest ways and exits, preventing panic. For this, teachers and educators are strongly advised not to leave students unattended until the fire is completely eliminated. In the first place, patients and young children are evacuated.

In winter, helpless toddlers need to be taken out or taken out, wrapped in warm clothes or blankets, the elders gather themselves or take their outer clothing with them.

All premises are carefully checked so that no one remains hidden under the desk or in the closet, posts are put up at the exits to prevent people from returning to the danger zone.

Do not open the windows and doors, as well as knock out the glass to avoid even more smoke and fire.

Competent and timely actions taken in case of fire can save human lives, which will allow you to get out of the situation with minimal damage.