Fire safety rules. Safety and personal safety in case of fire

In the modern world, the probability of a fire is considered to be one of the most dangerous. Indeed, as a result of such chemical reactions, a large amount of combustion products is produced. In addition, the constant companions of fires are all kinds of destruction, ranging from small damage to the complete destruction of structures and structures. However, in most cases for citizens, the most dangerous factor is not the fire itself, but smoke, which is a product of combustion and poses a threat to both health and human life. In this regard, in the modern world, special fire safety rules have been developed.

Terminology

Before you delve into the study of a specific material, you need to carefully understand all the definitions used. So, for example, a fire is an uncontrolled combustion, which results in any material damage, a threat to the health and life of people, harm to the interests of the state and society as a whole. The safety of an object is determined by the state of the person and property, which are characterized by the possibility of preventing the occurrence of a fire and its subsequent spread, as well as a decrease in the impact on both property and people of particularly dangerous fire factors. At the same time, it is considered that the security of an object should be provided by special systems responsible for eliminating the source of ignition and reducing its spread. This group also includes all possible means of fire protection. It is popular for the population to conduct various organizational and technical events. The fire regime is a set of rules of conduct for each person, the general system of organization of production activities, the procedure for cleaning and maintaining areas and premises. The main and most important task of all previously described measures is to exclude as much as possible any violations that could subsequently lead to a fire. Based on all the above, it can be concluded that fire safety measures are a combination of actions to ensure the desired type of security.

Components

The most important elements of the fire safety system are currently various enterprises and companies, local governments and state authorities, farms and other legal entities, regardless of the form of ownership and organizational and legal direction of activity. In addition, ensuring personal safety in case of fire is also a significant problem. Consequently, all citizens of the state traditionally belong to the number of constituent parts of the OPB system, which take an active part in maintaining a high level of protection against fires. It should be noted that all the measures considered earlier should be conducted only in accordance with the current legislation of the country.

General requirements

All modern means and measures aimed at eliminating the source of ignition and preventing its further spread are based on one important principle. It states that a fire is not possible in the event that there is not even the slightest contact of the ignition source with the combustible material. Actually, on the basis of this postulate, all kinds of fire safety rules are developed, as each of them is considered to be aimed at reducing the likelihood of a threat. Nevertheless, in many cases the technological process in production can not be carried out without the use of such substances. In such situations, in order to reduce the likelihood of a fire, it is necessary to protect the room where the components described above are located, as well as equipment located in the danger zone. These activities become possible with the timely installation of specialized automatic systems. Such fire safety measures invariably include emergency shutdown devices and various types of alarms, for example, light, sound and others.

Main reasons

Fire may occur due to certain conditions. Let's consider the most basic of them. First of all, the technology of using furnace units can be violated in the production. Often, the fire is the result of non-compliance with the rules of operation and the installation of various electrical installations, accidents or breakdown of vehicles, etc. In addition, the most common causes of the appearance of a flame include deliberate arson, careless handling of fire and natural phenomena, such as, for example, lightning discharges. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a certain set of rules that could include all possible probabilities of occurrence of unwanted fire and ways to protect against it. Similar conclusions have become prerequisites for the creation of a modern document called "Fire Safety Rules".

Key features

Of course, many people are familiar with the characteristics that can be used to determine the occurrence of a fire. The number of such signs is traditionally attributed to the presence of smoke, the appearance of a smell of burning, a minor fire, a power failure.

Rules of conduct during a fire

In the event that you have found any of the above signs, you must immediately respond to such an alarm bell. It is possible that it is from the speed of your reaction that someone's life will depend. So, what should you do first? Fire safety regulations regulate every action. Starting from those that do not worth it, so as not to aggravate the situation, ending with useful activities that will be aimed at eliminating the fire. Of course, one should remember that personal safety in case of fire is especially urgent, therefore the above documents describe in more detail the actions that each person can take to save himself. In the event that you have detected a fire, you must immediately inform the relevant service. Employees of fire brigades are more knowledgeable in many aspects of firefighting. In the meantime, you can try to eliminate the threat yourself. A detailed list of actions will be considered in the material below.

First steps

The rules of personal safety in case of fire regulate the following procedure. After the corresponding service is called, you can try to extinguish the flame yourself. To do this, you need to use all the tools available to you at the moment. For example, fire extinguishers, water, sand, dense tissue and others. If the flame was not extinguished in the shortest possible time, fire safety rules regulate evacuation from the premises of danger, protect the respiratory tract from the harmful effects of carbon monoxide. If on your way a smoke-filled or burning room has met, then it is necessary to put a dense, moistened cloth in the water to the nose and mouth (if there is such a possibility). In the event that evacuation is prevented by a very smoky room, the rules of personal safety in case of fire recommend to duck, or better - get on all fours and similarly quickly overcome it. These measures are necessary, since the combustion product, such as smoke, has a lower density than air, due to its high temperature. Due to this, the maximum concentration of substances harmful to humans will be closer to the ceiling, and a layer of the purest air will remain near the floor. It should be used to safely exit the building.

Do not remain indifferent!

As mentioned earlier, ensuring personal safety in case of fire has priority. Nevertheless, assistance to the victims is also considered important enough. Therefore, if you met the victims on the way to the evacuation, then call them, draw attention to yourself. In the event that a person caught fire on any element of clothing, you should help remove it. If such an action is not possible, then throw on it some dense fabric. In the event that it was not, drop a person on the ground and fire him. It should be remembered that in no case should the victim be allowed to flee. From this, the flame will only increase. Help the victim to get to the exit, use the methods described earlier.

Additional security measures

Everyone understands that, in an extreme situation, one can become embarrassed and put himself in even greater danger. To prevent such things, and the safety in the fire was developed. If you adhere to the recommendations, you can significantly reduce the risk of threat to your health and life. However, in order that the necessary information immediately surfaced in memory, their detailed study and periodic repetition are required. It is for this purpose that appropriate instruction in the workplace is conducted.

Housing problem

If a fire occurs in the place where you work, then the fire alarm will immediately fire and the management will take all the measures necessary to safely forward employees outside the building. However, ignition in residential buildings, unfortunately, is not a rarity. What to do if there is a similar situation? Modern rules of conduct in case of fire at home also regulate the most safe exit from the building. In general terms, you must follow the instructions given earlier. However, there are some nuances. If the fire occurred in the apartment, the order of the actions is as follows.

First of all you need to call the fire department. After that, help get out of the danger zone of the elderly and children. Try to put out the fire yourself. For this, the rules of action in case of fire recommend the use of water, dense tissue, loose non-flammable substances, for example, washing powders. In addition, it should be remembered that a flame can damage the electrical wiring and cause a short circuit. In order to avoid electric shock, it is necessary to disconnect the automatics in the distribution boards, often located on the staircases. Do not open the windows at all, as this will not only give you a breath of fresh air, how much will contribute to a significant spread of fire. If there is a strong smoke in the apartment, you should immediately leave the room, close the door behind you. It is important to remember that it is necessary to protect the respiratory tract and eyes from harmful combustion products. Well, moisten a dense cloth in the water, attach it to the face and move as quickly as possible to the exit. Important nuance. If your property is insured, in case of fire, you must contact the appropriate service within three days to recover the damage.

Public buildings

In the above material, incidents of ignition in production and in apartment houses were described. However, fires in the places of mass stay of people are a special danger for the state. These include education, healthcare and others. Such a name is attributed to them for a reason, because in the first there can be children, and secondly patients, who in most cases are unable to independently find the right ways for safe evacuation.

Rules for a fire in the school regulate the fastest movement of children from the danger zone. At the same time, groups should be promoted and there should not be backlogs or panic. It is also recommended that measures be taken to protect the respiratory tract and eyes from harmful carbon monoxide and other combustion products. Thus, the safety rules of fire behavior in the educational institution have little difference from the generally recognized order. However, they assume a much greater responsibility on the shoulders of people providing fire safety.

To prevent emergencies in all of the above institutions, it is necessary to carry out the appropriate briefings at the required intervals. In addition, several times a year, traditional exercises are conducted, which help to consolidate skills for a safe, quick and organized exit from the facility representing a conditional danger.

The order of evacuation, as mentioned earlier, is fairly standard. However, there are some nuances. To such is the role of the teacher. After all, he needs not only to accompany the children to a safe place, but also to "cover" the ways of retreat, thus preventing further spread of the flame. In addition, he must take with him a cool magazine. This event is necessary in order to produce a so-called roll call and to find out if any of the students remained inside the building. After all, children can easily succumb to panic and unconsciously try to hide in one of the classrooms. Or simply because of the harmfulness of wanting to scare someone and stay in a burning and often smoky room.