Fire fighting. Instructions for evacuating people from a burning building

The organization of fire safety is recommended to begin with the study of the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation. This includes the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390, Technical Regulations No. 123, Fire Safety Standards. One of the main activities that is mandatory for organizations of all forms of ownership and with any number of employees is fire fighting. Also, in each company, instructions for the evacuation of people from a burning building must be developed and approved.

Organization of fire fighting training

Activities that ensure the safety of employees, necessarily include training related to the actions in the detection of fire and fire. The goal is to develop the ability of the personnel to identify the event from the point of view of danger, to make sure fire warning systems are ready, to teach the personnel the rules for the elimination of burning, and also to provide assistance to the victims.

The results of the training allow planning further activities for training people and adjusting the operation of the fire alarm system .

At the beginning of this year, the company's management is developing a timetable with a timetable, this document is strictly confidential and is not subject to disclosure. Preliminary engineering and technical workers are obliged to audit the serviceability of the doors of emergency exits, make sure that the warning and evacuation management system is in working order, evacuation routes are cleaned of foreign objects, instructing employees with explanations of evacuation rules and actions when finding signs of burning.

What documents should be developed for training?

1. The order on appointment of the responsible person for the organization and carrying out of exercises.
2. Calendar exercise plan.
3. The order of carrying out of trainings.
4. Instructions for the evacuation of people.
5. Journal of the accounting of briefings on fire safety.
6. Reports on the analysis of training results.

The order of training

Responsible persons on the appointed day and time from the control point manually start the alarm system. Preliminarily, an imitation of a fire is created with the help of red flags (a model burning site), smoke bombs (imitation of smoke in premises). It is forbidden to simulate burning with the help of tools and materials that can trigger emergency situations.

Evacuation of people in a fire (simulated) should take no more than 3-4 minutes - this is the time of the transition of a local fire to the stage of a voluminous fire, during which there are no harmful and dangerous fire factors (release of toxic combustion products into the air, increase in air temperature up to 400 degrees Celsius , A decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air from the normative 23% to 16%). At the same time, some employees must take measures to extinguish the imitated flame (take fire extinguishers, water), and also make a call to the fire department.

At the design and construction stage of any buildings and structures, the location of evacuation routes, passages and exits is calculated, and the storage locations for primary fire extinguishers (fire extinguishers, sand, fire hydrants) are determined. To comprehensively reflect this information, a plan is evacuated from each department of the organization.

About evacuation plans

The evacuation scheme is the most effective way to teach an employee to navigate when a fire arises, adjust his actions to eliminate burning or rescue. According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390, all organizations, in buildings and facilities of which there are 10 people or more, are obliged to place evacuation plans.

The evacuation plan should be located in prominent places (near the main exits and passes). It is developed by specialized organizations licensed for this type of work, as well as the necessary materials (in particular, photoluminescent film, devices for rolling it onto a plastic base). Specialists of such companies know how the text instruction on evacuation of people on the plan should look.

On the scheme itself, it is important to reflect all the structural features of the building, to indicate the shortest escape routes from the burning building and the location of the fire extinguishing means, first-aid kits, phones for calling emergency services, to decipher all signs and abbreviations, colors and signs.

The instructions for the evacuation of people approved at the enterprise should duplicate the information from the plan, but in a text format.