Fan outage of electricity. The schedule of fan trips

To date, issues related to energy supply are regulated by several legislative acts at the federal level. In particular, the rules stipulate the order of supply restriction. Let us consider it in more detail below.

Normative base

First of all, the provisions of Chapter VI of the Civil Code apply in this area. In them, the supply of electricity is considered as one of the types of purchase and sale transactions. The next law is the Federal Law "On Electric Power Industry". In this normative act, issues of power outage are specified in a special order. In particular, it is spelled out in art. 38. In accordance with the provisions, the Government of the Russian Federation approves the procedure according to which partial or complete restriction of electricity consumption by participants in retail and wholesale markets is carried out. Also, the article determines the level of energy supply when users violate their obligations, as well as when urgent measures are necessary to eliminate or prevent emergencies. The rules for the functioning of markets are another normative act that regulates the issues related to energy supply. They are approved by the governmental decree №530.

Basic requirements of the law

The order established by the Federal Law is used for failure to fulfill obligations to pay for energy supply and provides:

• Mandatory preliminary (no less than 10 days) warning about the envisaged introduction of a partial or complete restriction of the electricity supply regime. The notice shall include information on the status of the consumer's debt, the estimated time for the disconnection of the supply.
• Prohibition of violation of the rights of other consumers in connection with the imposed restrictions on the delivery regime and its level.
• Mandatory introduction of preliminary partial shutdowns of the consumption regime before the complete cessation of supply.
• Responsibility for violation of the order of restriction, which caused damage to users or suppliers of electricity.
• Provision of collateral for obligations for payment to sellers of established legislation by categories of consumers at the expense of budgetary funds of appropriate levels.
• Measures for the social protection of the population of the Russian Federation, including the provision of compensation to them for the payment of the cost of electricity, produced in accordance with the law.
• The inadmissibility of restrictions on the consumption regime before the expiration of the period of validity of collateral provided from budget funds of the appropriate level.

Fan-free power outages

They are due to the inability of suppliers to provide consumers with products in full. In this case there is a discrepancy between the needs of users for the seller's capabilities. Fan outage of electricity happens due to emergency situations, and is also the result of high indebtedness of consumers.

World practice

It should be noted that fan-less power outages, as a rule, do not occur in developed countries. If they happen, they are of a local nature and are the result of accidents. For developing countries, on the contrary, fan outages are considered common practice. As a rule, this is caused by the discrepancy between the generated and delivered product to the existing demand.

The legal aspect

As the arbitration practice shows, fanning out of electricity is quite an actual problem for many enterprises. The situation is aggravated also by the fact that domestic legislation does not approve of such actions of suppliers, as they lead to unprofitable activity of organizations. As stated above, the Civil Code regulates the issues of electricity supply. The liability of the supplying organization for the shortage is established in Art. 547. The Criminal Code penalizes the illegal suspension of energy supply, which entailed significant harm and threat to public health, as well as other negative consequences, including the death of citizens. Criminal liability is provided for in Art. 251. Federal Law No. 35 defines in detail the duties and rights of both consumers and electricity suppliers. Along with this, the law establishes a regulation on guarantee obligations for users. The above acts prohibit the fanning out of electricity from consumers who do not have debts to the supply company.

Possible solution of the problem

In accordance with the law, in the event of a debt from the consumer, the supplying company must find means of influencing the user. In particular, the supplier can establish special regimes for partial or complete restriction of the supply of products, take other measures to prevent a blackout of electricity. The order of suspension of supply is set in Government Decision No. 530. As an exception to the general rules, a fan outage of electricity due to an emergency situation. In the Russian Federation, supplying companies try not to admit such phenomena. Only in the 90's and early 2000's. Periodically fanning out of electricity due to the large debt of consumers. All other restrictions were introduced solely due to emergency situations.

Technogenic catastrophes

May 25, 2000 in Moscow and the suburbs, as well as some nearby areas, there was a fan light shut-off. As a result, the railway communication stopped, locked in elevators were more than 1500 people, tens of thousands of citizens could not get out of the subway. All this happened as a result of the accident at the substation, which was part of the Moscow energy ring. The catastrophe happened for a number of reasons. Among them, equipment wear, weather frying, insufficient reserve capacity. There were shortcomings and shortcomings in the supply system, the moral aging of automatic protection. In 2009, on August 17, there was a fan-outage of light in Siberia. It was the result of an emergency at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. As a result of the accident there were victims, electricity supply was limited in Tomsk and a number of other points, the production cycle of enterprises was violated. Together with this, one can not but say that such situations are also in other countries. For example, in France in 2009, the supply of Provence ceased. About 2 million people suffered from a major accident on the high-voltage main line.

The schedule of fan trips

It is introduced if the government of the country is unwilling or unable to find a way out of the crisis. The fan shutdown schedule was thus introduced in Ukraine. The supply was temporarily stopped from 9 am to 11 am, from 20 to 22 hours. In many regions, however, suppliers did not adhere to this schedule. As a result, the duration of the shutdown was much more than 2 hours set. Restriction of consumption is coordinated with local authorities of all regions. After warning of the dispatch service after 10-15 minutes there is a trip. In autumn of 2014 in Ukraine, the first supply restrictions began. Thus, a fan outage was made in Kharkov, Kremenchug, Kiev. Such a regime was necessary to cover the formed deficit of the product. Since December 2014, restrictions have affected the entire territory of Ukraine. In particular, there was a fan turn-off of electricity in Dnepropetrovsk, Poltava, Cherkassy, Sumy, Chernigov and many other areas. In warehouses of TPPs there are rather low stocks of coal, there are also very few hydro resources. In addition, with the onset of cold weather consumption increased, and supplying companies could not cope with increased demand. In December, in connection with the tense situation in Ukraine, a periodic blackout of electricity in the Crimea was made. Prior to joining the Russian Federation, the peninsula was supplied to Ukrainian companies. However, due to the conflict, supplies were limited.