Evenki Autonomous Area: the capital, time, cities

Evenkia is an ancient and mysterious land. Its history is part of the history of Siberia, which dates back many centuries. What is remarkable about the Evenki Autonomous Okrug?

Geographical position

Evenk Autonomous District is a territorial administrative unit in the Russian Federation. It is part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is located in Eastern Siberia. Borders with the Irkutsk region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), with the Taimyr (Yamal-Nenets) autonomous region. This area covers an area of 770 thousand square meters. Km. 18 thousand - so many people inhabit the Evenk Autonomous District. The capital is a small town of Tura. In addition to it, the administrative region is divided into 3 districts - Baykitsky, Ilimpiysky, Tungusko-Chui - and 22 rural administrations.

Among all the subjects of the Russian Federation in the territory of Siberia, the Evenk Autonomous District has the most disadvantageous geographical position. It occupies the center of the Central Siberian plateau. The highest point of the region is the Kamen mountain with a height of 1701 m. The natural and climatic zones are very different here, as the Evenk Autonomous District is considerably stretched from the north to the south, to 1500 km. The climate is sharply continental. The temperature in July is +38 ºС, in winter - up to -67 ºС. The main part of Evenkia belongs to the Far North of Russia. It is believed that this is one of the most unfavorable and extreme for life in Russia.

One whole

On April 17, 2005, a referendum was held, as a result of which the Evenk Autonomous District merged with the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Since January 1, 2007, it has received a new status. Since that time it has become a municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Taimyr (Yamalo-Nenets) district also ceased to exist. He, like the Evenki Autonomous District, united with the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Resources

The main resources of this part of Siberia are hydrocarbons - oil and gas. The region is also rich in gold, diamonds, graphite, coal, phosphate raw materials and platinum. The deposits of rare and non-ferrous metals are considered promising. There are reserves of semi-precious stones, copper-nickel and iron ore.

Flora

Evenkia is the most beautiful place of our country, but for many it remains inaccessible and unexplored, like space. It's all in the harsh climatic conditions and remoteness from big cities. Therefore, a rare tourist will decide to visit the Evenki Autonomous Area. Photos made by travelers give us an opportunity to look at the nature of this region. Vast territories are occupied by arctic ice, but there are also forest-tundra, taiga and mountain forests. There are many lakes here, almost all of them are of glacial origin: Lake Vivi, Essey, Agata, Dupkun. About a quarter of the area of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle, there is permafrost. The rest of the vegetation is represented by forests. In the south it is spruce and cedar, to the north they are replaced by larch woodlands. On the slopes of the mountains there are tundra of mosses and lichens. On the territory of Evenkia two reserves - Putorana and Tunguska.

Fauna

Heavy climatic conditions nevertheless allow persistent residents to engage in crafts. Here there are sables, ermines, silver-black foxes. They are mined to produce hides in fur-bearing furs. There are a lot of fish in the waters, wild reindeer in the taiga, other animals in the forests. Here you can meet a brown bear, Siberian and Arctic wolf, squirrel, American mink, lynx, muskrat, white fox.

Population

About 18 thousand people now inhabit this region. Its capital is the town of Tours. The Evenk Autonomous District has a very low population density - about 0.03 people per 1 sq. Km. Km. The level of officially registered unemployment is low - about 4%. Economically active population - 9 thousand, this is about 1/3 of all residents. 62% are considered to be able to work, 12% are older than this age, and 26% are younger. Women in Evenkia are more than men: 53% against 47. The main part of the population is rural residents - 71%, urban population - 29%. Ethnic composition of Evenkia is as follows:

• Russians - 60%,
• Evenki - 21%,
• Yakuts - 5%,
• Evens - 4.5%.
• Ukrainians 3%,
• Others - 6.5%.

Economy

The lion's share of the whole industry of Evenkia, more than 97%, are 3 branches:

• Fuel,
• Electric power,
• Food.

The fuel industry is represented by the extraction of oil and gas. There are five deposits with reserves of these resources. Their total volume is estimated at 1.1 billion tons, the largest enterprises being Yukos Oil Company, Krasnoyarskgazprom OJSC, Yeniseineftegaz OJSC, and the total share of the fuel industry in the national economy is more than 50%.

The electric power complex occupies 25% in the economy of the district. Power plants generate energy using diesel fuel. The largest of them are SUE "Varanavaenergo", OGUP "Ilimpikskie elektroseti", State Unitary Enterprise "Baikit regional industrial enterprise of municipal services".

In the industrial production of Evenkia, the food industry occupies almost 20%. Basically, they are engaged in the production of bakery products.

Not even agriculture is more developed, but forestry and fur trade. Reindeer husbandry, hunting, pig breeding, dairy cattle breeding are widespread.

History

The Evenks, the people who inhabited these places since ancient times, used to occupy vast areas of Siberia - from the Ob River from the west to the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk in the east, from the Polar region to the Angara. How could they, with a modest population, populate such territories of Siberia? The thing is that while practicing reindeer herding, fishing and hunting, the Evenks led a nomadic way of life. In addition to such mobility, the peculiarity of this people of the north was easy adaptation to new living conditions and different climates. At the same time, they adapted to a different way of economy and life.

The history of this area as an administrative district begins in 1930. Then the Soviet government began to form national districts. The main task was to master these territories, to struggle with the illiteracy of distant native peoples, to raise the economy and culture of the local population. Later, historians noted this period as a sharp change in the status of the region. Local residents from the semi-feudal hinterland were transported to the era of industrialization.

The development of the north began with the construction of the Turin cult base. Evenks, who knew how to manage reindeer sleds and find animals in their tracks, learned to grow wheat, potatoes, vegetables, and were able to engage in animal husbandry. Of course, this is the merit of the Soviet pioneers, who brought to this region knowledge and experience. In 1927, the first hospital in Evenkia was built, an elementary school. We began to carry out the certification of the population. And in 1930 they introduced compulsory primary education for people. At the same time, the district was improved. There were wooden sidewalks, around the administration of Tours built a square, planted it with trees. In 1938 a post office appeared. In 1968, he saw the helicopter for the first time in the Evenk Autonomous District.

Time has now changed, but it is still difficult to imagine the life of these places without air communication. The main feature is the huge remoteness of the settlements from each other. By air and now deliver products, material values, passengers, shift workers and hunters, communication with reindeer herders is carried out.

In 1933 the first newspaper was published in Evenkia. It was printed with great difficulty, in the absence of electricity, the wheel of a typewriter was manually twisted by the editors of Evenkiya. So the people of Evenkia began to receive news from the pages of the printed edition.

A peaceful peaceful life broke in 1941. Then to defend the homeland for the front went to 1816 people, this is the fifth part of the population of those years. 306 inhabitants did not return from the battlefields. After the war, all together, they rebuilt the country's economy. The Russians, Evenks and other nationalities worked on collective farms, engaged in reindeer herding, animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, hunting and fur-bearing. Personnel policy of the Soviets tended to the local human resource.

By 1950, most of the senior posts were occupied by the Evenk people. Since the 1970s, research work was actively carried out to find minerals. At the same time, residential houses were built rapidly by geologists and oil workers. Since 1968 the culture has reached a new level. Soviet cinematography was increasingly turning to the local population. In 1975, television appeared in Evenkia. The collapse of the Soviet Union affected the life of the district. All the harmonious industries began to fall apart.

Kitchen

Each nation has its own national cuisine, which can tell a lot about the history of the area and the people. Evenks have long been engaged in fishing and hunting. Usually they extracted as much fish and game as they needed to eat. And only a small part left for future use. And now dishes of Evenk cuisine are prepared from venison, bear, fish. Here are some popular traditional dishes of national cuisine:

• Tychamine. This is fish soup, which is cooked with caviar. It is ground to a homogeneous mass, then added to boiling water, there also put crushed fish, salt and spices.
• Yukola in Evenki. This is a traditional dish from smoked fish. For its preparation, remove the head and ridge, gut. Then cut the fish into thin long layers, make incisions from the inside. Then they are smoked at the fire under a closed canopy, after which they are still dried in the sun. Eat this fish by washing down with tea.
• The dried goose. For preparation, a wild goose carcass was taken, plucked, gutted, and skin and large bones removed. Then they made cuts on the breast and stretched on a special canopy in a blown place. Such meat was used for cooking soups and second dishes in winter.
• Roast from a bear cub. Meat is cut into small flat pieces with interlayers of fat. Fry in a pan, then add onions and potatoes. Serve hot.
• Korczak. This dish is made of deer milk. It is very fatty, so chilled well whipped into a thick foam. Korczak is accepted to eat with a scone with tea.

The most interesting

• Evenkia Square is comparable to the territory of such states as Turkey and Chile.
• The geographical center of Russia is Lake Vivi, more precisely its southeastern shore. This status it received after the collapse of the USSR, when the boundaries changed and new coordinates were established. They were determined by academician Peter Bakut. On August 27, 1992, a monument of 7 m high was erected here.
• Absolute point of cold in the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Tembenchi, the temperature in winter here - up to minus 70 ºС.
• In 1908, the Tunguska meteorite fell in these places.
• An amazing subject is the Evenki Autonomous District. There is not one city here. Only 1 urban settlement is the capital of the Tour, the rest are small rural settlements: Baikit, Burniy, Kuyumba, Miryuga, Osharovo, Polygus, Suromai, Surinda, Kislokan, Nidym, Uchami, Vanavara, and others.
• Time in Evenkia - Krasnoyarsk: differs by +7 hours from UTC and +4 hours from Moscow.