Economic indicators of economic security (basic concepts)

Financial and economic crises often have a very negative impact on the potential of modern industrial enterprises: investments in food and process innovations are gradually reduced or even completely lost, capital is beginning to wear out and aging , scientific and technical resources are exhausted, and most young and skilled workers leave their jobs . Economic indicators of economic security make it possible to understand how much a company is ready for such circumstances, and whether it will be able to avoid such negative factors.

That is why you need to understand what such indicators represent and how they are provided.

Basic concepts

It is for this reason that every modern enterprise faces a rather urgent task of conducting internal self-assessment, as well as forecasting one's own state from the point of view of the possibility:

• Performance of their main production functions;
• Taking various measures to protect such functions (that is, can they create economic indicators of the economic safety of production from any manifestations of internal or external origin that affect the company's potential);
• Formation of a full-fledged monitoring system for various security indicators;
• Substantiation and definition of threshold values of such indicators;
• Taking various measures to counter possible threats.

The main problems are to provide economic indicators of economic security, arise during the work of any enterprise not only during the crisis, but also when it operates in a completely stable environment, but the range of targets that need to be addressed varies considerably.

Stable operation

During this period, in the process of solving the tasks of ensuring economic security, the company should focus its main attention on maintaining the normal rhythm of sales and production of its own products, preventing financial and material damage, counteracting criminal manifestations and unfair competition, as well as excluding the possibility of obtaining unauthorized Access to existing service information or the destruction of computer databases.

The production sphere of a really efficient enterprise that is modernized in a timely manner does not represent a source of possible trouble not only for the owner and his team, but also for those agents of the market who use the products of this company, that is, for its consumers and subcontractors. Thus, it is still necessary at this stage to take care that the company has relevant economic indicators of economic security, because it allows to significantly strengthen its role in the current market.

Crisis period

At the moment, the greatest danger for any enterprise is the destruction of its scientific and technical, human, technological and production potentials, which are the main factors in the life of any company and ensure its basic capabilities. At the same time, if the corresponding indicators of economic security were not provided, the conditions of management become such that it is impossible to provide the capacity for further reproduction.

Resources for a given enterprise can be acquired only from the results of its own activities, as well as through the use of borrowed funds, and it must be correctly understood that both such sources of investment with the onset of crises for most companies are overlapped.

The real situation

To date, the majority of domestic enterprises that operate in an unstable economic environment are by nature unprofitable, and due to the fact that economic security indicators were not provided at the time, they experience a deep industrial decline, and are either bankrupt or Critical state.

There are many different reasons that can lead to depressive development, but the most common among them are the inertia of the formed production structure, the physical wear and tear of fixed assets, technological backwardness, and the complete absence of the main priorities for the conduct of the state's scientific and industrial policy. At the same time, the definition of the latter would allow for the required restructuring of capacities, even in those conditions of management that were formed in conditions of absolutely ineffective transformations from the point of view of the current economic sector, which do not allow enterprises to independently earn the funds necessary for their further modernization.

Than it threatens?

Because of their position in which indicators of economic security and their thresholds are at an extremely low level, a truly dangerous situation is created not only for the economy, but also for social stability in society as a whole and for individual regions in particular, but also for the potential And the collective of each individual company. After all, industrial enterprises, representing the basic structure-forming element of the economy, take on not only production functions, but also provide the means of existence for a lot of people who are associated with them, that is, they bear some responsibility and social load.

Due to the incomplete utilization of capacities and, consequently, their inefficient use, and even more so the continuous destruction of the previously created potential of enterprises, they begin to pose a real threat to the material and economic foundations of the life of society and the collective.

Main factors

No enterprise can be called stable if it does not provide indicators of economic security and their threshold values, and its products can not be claimed in the market. No enterprise that manufactures means of production can be safe if at the moment there is an active, and at the same time rather long, decline in the technological development of the state as a whole.

At the moment, the trend of how modern enterprises lose the basic indicators of economic security, as well as the ability to manufacture science-intensive and complex products, is extremely clearly marked, and this applies not only to modern developments, but also to those products that were produced earlier under conditions of stable economic Development. This suggests that today there is a real threat to the technical re-equipment of the production apparatus of a number of basic industries, including transport, metallurgy, energy, chemical, mining and many others.

The main reason is that the main indicators of economic security have been lost, and as the active part of the fixed capital wears out, completely replacing them with modern domestic equipment has become much more difficult or even impossible. At the same time, it should be noted that modern industry in Russia uses about 80% of equipment and machinery of domestic production, and it is impossible to replace them with any mass import purchases from a financial point of view.

Due to the fact that the necessary criteria and indicators of economic security were not revealed at the time, a large number of enterprises simply stopped working, because they use rather complicated equipment that is characterized by a long production cycle. At the same time, there is not the right amount of production capacity to compensate for the collapse of the main production assets.

Causes of the problem

The main set of problems, as well as the most important reasons for the current trouble in many industrial enterprises are as follows:

• Production is not in demand in the external and internal markets, as it has low competitiveness;
• Investment resources are completely depleted;
• The financial crisis, inflation, the circulation of money have been exacerbated, and there are various costs of the existing system of taxation of commodity producers, which negatively affect the work of such enterprises;
• The state does not fulfill its obligations in terms of paying for orders made for own use;
• Inefficient methods of institutional transformation are used, which leads to fragmentation of a large number of single production complexes into much smaller ones, and the latter were detached and, accordingly, led to an increase in transaction costs at each individual limit by more than 20%, which in turn provoked Rise in price of final products;
• Currency and customs barriers are applied on the borders of various CIS countries that used to be part of the common economic space.

These are only the main reasons why indicators and indicators of economic security have not been achieved by modern domestic enterprises.

The result

All of the above ultimately resulted in the fact that most enterprises simply do not have the capacity to effectively and independently enter a spontaneously organized market in order to subsequently launch a new market-based economic mechanism.

Modern companies have unreachable accounts payable and accounts receivable, mainly due to the fact that the required indicators of economic security of the enterprise were not achieved, is the government, which quite often does not pay for various products that were manufactured under the individual order to satisfy state needs, which subsequently Provokes a whole cascade of non-payments, going along a chain between different industries.

Consumers and subcontractors try to pay off on barter, as they also do not have the necessary amount of finance, as a result of which means and opportunities for replenishing working capital are lost. In the end, the system of indicators of economic security, as well as the production and scientific and technical potentials of modern enterprises for a long time are actively degrading, and highly qualified specialists are beginning to leave, trying to find the best proposals for using their abilities and strengths. Also, specialists are lost who are able to maintain idle technological equipment for a long time and ensure the preservation of the existing infrastructure.

What was done?

One of the main tasks of the current scientific and industrial policy of the state is the implementation of a managed reorientation of various enterprises from the fulfillment of exclusively government orders for market demand, but it was ultimately never realized, as a result of which the social indicators of the economic security of many modern companies remain extremely Low level.

The adaptive capabilities of the organizations necessary for their smooth entry into the current market turned out to be inadequate in the present conditions of complete abandonment of state control over the economy, primarily in the sale of industrial products, control over the prices of natural monopolies, ensuring the protection of the domestic market and the interests of domestic manufacturers of commodity Products, as well as centralized allocation of resources.

What did this lead to?

The loss of controllability of the economy ultimately provoked a rather sharp decline in the level of business conditions of modern enterprises. Because of the ensuing investment and financial crisis, the indicators of the country's economic security were at an even lower level, as various deformational processes taking place in the reproductive structure of their capital contributions intensified. Among them are the following:

• A sharp decrease in innovation and investment activity, which does not allow to achieve the process of reproduction. Almost completely the active part of fixed assets has ceased to be updated, but the process of their "eating" and depreciation increases. Especially it concerns their active part, that is, equipment and machines, which are the main object of innovation.
• The suppression of demand and, consequently, the lack of orders and profits in most enterprises, which was further aggravated by high inflation and an active increase in the cost of materials, energy and various components. Because of the high bank rate and the reduction of depreciation charges, even the insignificant internal resources present at the enterprise do not have the necessary economic motivation to support reproduction, that is, they are more advantageously directed towards current consumption.
• The financing by the state of various R & D in the sphere of high technologies has sharply decreased or even completely stopped, and the complete absence of own funds from enterprises does not allow to ensure the outstripping creation of any scientific and technical reserves, which is the basis for technological development.

Major Threats

There are many causes of threats, because of which economic indicators of Russia's security are falling. In many respects they are due not only to the previous development, but also to the mistakes made in the course of the economic policy reforms carried out and because of the loss of the manageability of the economy. In particular, this concerns the following:

• The complete absence of a concrete concept, a built strategy and a program for further socio-economic development, where realistic goals are set.
• Constant backlog in the field of development, lack of systematic and perfect regulatory and legal support for economic regulation.
• High risks of the monetary policy of the government in the sphere of banking, as well as in the currency and stock markets. Use of an inefficient tax system.
• Constant destruction of the existing system of increasing production capacity due to insufficient investment activity.
• Continuous growth of inflation, as well as the absence of a more or less normal investment climate in the current sector of the economy. Current expenses are preferred to the detriment of capital expenditures.
• The unfair, and absolutely inefficient privatization of state property and various objects of the public domain is used.
• Conditions are created that contribute to the appropriation and further export of various financial resources abroad .
• The state control over natural monopolies is lost, and the regulatory role of the state is gradually weakening in their pricing policy.

And these are only the main reasons why the necessary indicators of the economic security of the region or enterprises of our country can not be achieved, and in what areas now it is necessary to act first of all.