Ecological problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: description and solutions

The pollution of the environment is one of the most important problems of mankind. It is on how carefully we treat nature, air, the fate of our planet and humanity depends. Particular concern is the territory where the largest industrial centers are located. In our country, environmental problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory occupy a leading position. This area is very vulnerable because of the enterprises located on it. We will figure out what environmental problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory exist at the present time and how they are eliminated.

Ecological condition of the region

This subject of the Russian Federation is the leader in many respects. It has the largest area and concentration of minerals, it is responsible for their production on a large scale. Here there are deposits of coal and nickel, graphite and quartz sand, all kinds of ores. The region is also engaged in timber harvesting, because more than half of the territory is occupied by forests.

If we outline the environmental problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory briefly, we can say that the main one is the functioning of harmful industries that pollute the air and discharge waste into the water. This is exacerbated by the fact that these combines (2/3 of them) are located in the most densely populated cities of the region: Krasnoyarsk and Norilsk.

Another problem is deforestation, which are not only natural air purifiers, but also habitats of living organisms. The attention is not paid to the plantations in the cities.

All this has made it possible to bring the region into the top three in Russia with the greatest pollution of the environment. Let us examine in detail the ecological problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Air

Good clean air is vital for everyone. Unfortunately, the residents of the Krasnoyarsk Territory have to dream of this. After all, large industrial enterprises are clogging it with frightening speed. The figure that characterizes emissions into the atmosphere is growing catastrophically. Since 2000, it has almost doubled.

Metallurgical enterprises, such as the Norilsk Combine, a plant located in Krasnoyarsk, are mostly responsible for this. Here, in the immediate vicinity of residential areas, there is an aluminum processing plant. By the way, the largest enterprises have well-established measures to minimize emissions to the environment. In general, small and medium-sized factories "sin" by violating norms. They do not have the opportunity to attract environmentalists to the staff.

The worst thing is that all these emissions are practically invisible to the townsfolk, whereas half the periodic table is in the air, including harmful ammonia, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and others.

The last of these components - a product that pollutes the air vehicles. Especially its concentration is high in large cities, and it grows every year. This is due to the improvement of the well-being of the population and the increasing freight traffic.

Water

Ecological problems of water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are also very large. There are several thousand lakes with fresh water, and rivers flow through the territory, which are used for the construction of power plants.

Unfortunately, enterprises operating in this entity, in addition to air, pollute also water. It is about the release into it of life-threatening elements, such as, for example, lead or zinc. Sewage from factories and factories is not sufficiently cleaned, as well as sewage is poorly treated. As a result, the quality of fresh water deteriorates, the cleanliness and uninterrupted supply of which determines the life in the region.

In addition to polluting wastewater, they are also not sufficiently cooled, which leads to the death of the ecosystem of water bodies. So, in 2011, a case was recorded where the enterprise threw water into the Yenisei with a temperature of 40 degrees. This caused a serious damage to the ecosystem: plankton and, as a consequence, fish died on a large site. Krasnoyarsk was the culprit.

Soil and scaffolding

Ecological problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are also related to the state of soils. They are polluted in two ways: by direct contact with the source (when there is a release of toxic substances), it is also possible to get poisons through the air. After all, they are heavier and able to settle on the ground. Thus, the land cover contains lead, zinc and other heavy metals.

Another problem is the swampiness and oxidation of soils, and they contain a large amount of salt.

Environmental problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory with land resources are inextricably linked with the state of forests. After all, plants and shrubs can not grow on contaminated soil. As a result, forest areas are reduced: coniferous, mosses and lichens suffer first of all.

Other problems

In addition, the environmental problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are related to the storage of 105 million tons of industrial waste. Of these, a certain proportion falls on the 1st and 2nd hazard classes (the most poisonous ones). Of these, over 20 million tons are stored in close proximity to residential areas. As a rule, this process is carried out in violation of norms, which can lead to an ecological catastrophe.

It should be said about the most polluted cities of the region. First of all, this is Norilsk. This administrative center is the most polluted city in our country, in world statistics it also takes a leading position. The reason for everything is a combine that produces and simultaneously processes the metal. The whole city is immersed in smog. The situation is aggravated by the fact that he is in the arctic zone, the meager nature of which is incapable of coping with colossal emissions.

Krasnoyarsk is a little inferior to Norilsk. There is air pollution (it was especially noticeable on warm days), soils (mainly arsenic) and water (in this the chemical industry enterprises in the immediate vicinity of the city are responsible).

Measures taken

The solution of environmental problems of the Krasnoyarsk Territory largely depends on the residents of the region, their vigilance.

Another way out of such a catastrophic situation is the development of environmentally friendly production facilities that are not accompanied by harmful emissions.

Particular attention should be paid to forests, the so-called "light" - they are able to purify the air of harmful elements.

Also, regulatory and legal regulation of the environmental situation is being developed .