Ecological situation in Russia. Solving the problems of ecology

The ecological situation in the world is on the verge of disaster. And although numerous "green" organizations, conservation funds and its resources, state institutions of all countries try to overcome the consequences of human economic activity, it is not possible to fundamentally correct the situation. Unthinking use of the Earth's wealth, irresponsibility, material interest of the largest corporations, globalization lead to the fact that the ecological situation does not improve.

Problems of Ecology in the World

For the sake of justice, it should be noted that countries with a developed economy, high standards of living standards can boast a high level of protection of nature, a culture of ecology. In many countries of Europe, America, Japan try to minimize the consequences of the human hand. At the same time, the level of education of citizens is increasing, which are tried at the everyday level to be attached to processes that promote preservation and cleanliness of the environment. But at the same time, serious gaps in such activities in developing countries, and even more so in the lagging regions of the planet, all efforts to at least somehow secure nature are being killed. Unthinking deforestation, pollution of reservoirs with industrial waste, products of vital activity, absolutely irresponsible attitude to the land fund is evident.

A poor state of the environment is a problem that can affect everyone. Such distant troubles as thinning of the ozone layer, pollution of the atmosphere or the melting of glaciers, can not make it clear to a person that he is making a mistake. But outbreaks of epidemics, unfavorable climatic conditions, dirty water and fresh agricultural lands that do not give a good harvest, was able - it's all the direct results of our hands.

Ecology of Russia

Unfortunately, Russia belongs to the list of countries where the environmental situation is the worst. This state of affairs is conditioned by various factors and manifests itself in all spheres. Traditionally, the greatest damage to indicators comes from the impact of industry. Economic crises, which harass both world and domestic economies, one by one contribute to the decline in production. It is logical to assume that this should reduce emissions of harmful substances into the surrounding world, but alas, here the boomerang effect is triggered . Lack of working capital, forcing enterprises to save even more. This is primarily due to the elimination of modernization programs, the installation of purification facilities.

But not only in large metropolitan areas and industrial regions, the situation causes great concern. Uneven deforestation of coniferous forests, neglect of leafy plantations, negligence of local authorities and citizens provoke the destruction of 20% of the world's total stock of arboreal lands.

Emission of sewage into rivers and lakes, artificial drainage of marshy areas, plowing of coastal areas and sometimes vandal mining is a reality that exists, and the ecological situation in Russia deteriorates daily due to this.

How to assess the real situation in the natural environment?

The complexity of the approach in analyzing the state of the environment is the guarantee of an adequate result. Studying only certain areas and focal fighting against pollution of the earth, water and air will never bring a positive result on a global scale. An assessment of the environmental situation is a prime task of the government. Based on this assessment, a long-term strategy should be developed with the implementation of programs at all levels.

Only a truthful and adequate monitoring, conducted by truly independent experts in the field of ecology, can give a clear picture. Alas, the reality is that even world-renowned organizations are often subordinate branches of large corporations and operate under their dictation, taking a position advantageous to the monopolist.

In Russia, the situation is exacerbated by the high level of corruption by public services, which perform both supervisory and executive functions. To achieve legitimate decisions on the protection of nature becomes an impossible task. For this there are no means, no mechanisms, and most importantly, the will of officials. Until the higher leadership is personally interested in the environmental situation in Russia emerging from the impasse, it is unlikely that real transformations will take place.

Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation

In each country there are both state and public organizations that deal with environmental issues at their own expense. Which of them do their job better is a difficult and controversial issue. Unambiguously, it is good practice when the environmental protection apparatus in the country is authorized by extended functions.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology in Russia exists since 2008. It reports directly to the government. The scope of this organization is not very broad. The Ministry carries out two functions - lawmaking and controlling. Direct activities are carried out by creating a regulatory framework, according to which, the activities of enterprises, state objects subject to special status (reserves, reserves), mining capacities, in the development and extraction of resources are controlled and managed. Unfortunately, the body that would monitor the implementation of orders, took active steps in case of violation of the law, no. Thus, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment takes a passive attitude towards the preservation of the country's ecosystem.

The Earth is our everything!

The agro-industrial complex does not accidentally occupy one of the most important places in the economy of the country. The area of agricultural land occupies more than 600 million hectares. This figure is colossal, there is no such resource, no other country in the world. Powers that really care about their soil, intended for growing crops used in the food and light industry, prefer not to exploit the land mercilessly.

The unreasonable use of fertilizers, which is the result of the pursuit of high yields, the outdated heavy machinery that breaks the integrity of the soil, the deterioration of the chemical composition of the soil, not only in the fields and orchards, but also on non-agricultural lands, are all the fruits of human intervention, they directly show how The world around is indifferent. Undoubtedly, to feed such a huge number of people, farmers have to plow every piece of land, but at the same time the approach and attitude towards it must be radically revised.

Modern ways of doing business based on farms in developed countries are arranged in such a way that the owners of the land care for their "wet nurse", and as a return receive higher yields, respectively, and income.

The situation with water resources

The beginning of the two thousand years was marked by the realization that freshwater springs in the whole world are in a catastrophic state. Such an environmental problem and environmental situation, like pollution and a shortage of drinking water, is fraught with the extinction of a human being as a species. The seriousness of the issue led to a more responsible approach to water quality control. However, weak attempts to bring water resources to normal rates have not yet been crowned with success.

The fact is that the southern and central regions have the largest population. In them, the largest industrial capacities of the country are concentrated, the highest indicator of the development of agriculture. On the contrary, the amount of water bodies suitable for maintaining the national industry is not as high as necessary. The intensive load on existing rivers has led to the fact that some of them have practically disappeared, some are so polluted that their use is absolutely impossible.

There is an improvement in the ecological situation, but this applies to water bodies that are under strict control. The figures that characterize the overall situation are catastrophic:

• Only 12% of water bodies, according to environmentalists, fall into the category of conditionally clean.
• The amount of harmful impurities, such as pesticides, heavy metals, exceeds the permissible standards in some water bodies.
• More than half of the country's population uses water that is not drinkable for domestic purposes. Moreover, almost 10% of the population use for cooking food is not life-giving moisture, but poison. This provokes outbreaks of epidemics of hepatitis, intestinal infections and other diseases transmitted with water.

What do we breathe?

The averaged indicators show that the current environmental situation in the airspace has improved somewhat in recent years. However, statistics are good only on paper, in reality, the fall in harmful emissions occurred at an insignificant level, and in some regions in general has grown. Annually 18 thousand enterprises across the country emit more than 24 million tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

The most critical ecological situation develops in such cities as Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Kemerovo, Grozny, Arkhangelsk, Novosibirsk. The list of cities with an unfavorable atmospheric background totals 41 positions across the country.

In addition to the constant emission of gases and smoke, due to the increased number of vehicles on the roads, intensive activities of enterprises, there is one more factor that undermines the ecological situation - emergency emissions. The strongest deterioration, the moral obsolescence of purification facilities, is the reason why more than 40% of the population have respiratory diseases, almost 5% - oncological diseases.

Urboecology

It is urban residents who are most often affected by bad air, dirty water, lack of food with the label "environmentally friendly". In large cities, for example, in Moscow, officials are trying to set a framework for enterprises, create modern cleaning stations, upgrade collector systems and water pipes. Such actions of the authorities managed to raise the capital this year from 68th place to 33rd in terms of pollution in the overall ranking of the country's cities. But at the same time, these measures are not enough. Every summer, residents of large cities suffer from smog, smoke, a high level of gases in the atmosphere.

The sprawl of cities and the high concentration of the population on a small area threatens the depletion of natural resources in urban areas. The unrealized policy on energy conservation and the failure to comply with international norms for ensuring safe industrial activity, also undermine the balance in nature. Thus, the ecological situation of the city can not rejoice.

A vivid example of the consequences of poor ecology can be found by looking at the statistics of childhood diseases for several decades. High level of congenital pathologies, acquired diseases, weak immune system are those realities that we have to face every day.

And the adult population of cities has reasons for concern. The life expectancy of citizens and residents of territories falling under the category of ecologically unfavorable, on average, is lower by 10-15 years.

Collection, recycling and processing of garbage

The problem of pollution of the environment with waste is not new and lies on the surface in a literal sense. The tendency to waste disposal has outlived itself and leads to the systematic transformation of the country into one large burial ground. Realizing that this pace is getting closer to the pace at which the population and industry are producing waste, the Ministry of Ecology has decided to create a new direction in its work. Namely, the organization of centers for the collection, sorting and processing of various wastes for recyclables.

The same West was concerned about this issue several decades ago. The amount of non-recyclable waste does not exceed 20%, while in Russia this figure is four times higher. But according to the optimistic plans of the country's leadership, the situation will change and by 2020 it will achieve full-scale processing of waste with subsequent sale to industry and energy. Such a statement of the task is very encouraging, because in the case of realization of ambitious plans, one can hope for favorable ecological situations and conditions in the country.

Disasters of recent years

In the meantime, one has to reap the fruits and be satisfied with what is. And the reality is that the current environmental situation is undermined and erupted every year in different places, showing all the glades in the environmental protection system.

According to activists, in recent years, residents of Russia had to face problems in different regions of the country. So, in the Sverdlovsk region, in the river Zhelezyanka, the level of iron and manganese in water exceeds the norm by 22 and 25 thousand times, respectively! Such figures are not amenable to any common sense, and the situation is getting worse. Despite the fact that the local authorities are inactive.

Frequent cases of fuel release, during its extraction and transportation, are also clearly demonstrated by examples of environmental situations. Oil, fuel oil, spilling over the water, lead to the death of birds, animals, pollution of both water bodies and groundwater. It also happened when in November of this year there was an accident with a tanker "Nadezhda" off the coast of Sakhalin.

Ecologists around the world are sounding the alarm for the sake of saving Lake Baikal. The pride of Russia may soon turn into a swamp. Hit in its water detergent, sewage from collectors, provokes abundant flowering of water. Toxic substances do not simply pollute the water, but become the cause of extinction of the unique flora and various living organisms living in the lake.

Ways to solve problems in the environment

The environmental situation in Russia requires prompt intervention. Passive observation, which is now engaged in the state, is fraught with serious problems. The main ways that need to be developed relate to absolutely all levels of a person.

It is very important to create in each citizen the basis of ecological culture. After all, even the best bills and programs of officials will not be able to overcome the problem unless the society is concerned about it. Although often it is it that deals with the elimination of disasters, the cleaning of coastal zones, parks, recreational areas, which can not but rejoice.

The introduction of energy-efficient technologies at all levels, from private households to large industrial enterprises, is a priority task that must be resolved in the coming years.

The use of natural resources, their extraction, recovery can not remain unresolved. To leave the next generation an opportunity for existence, it is necessary not to rely entirely on an independent revival of its natural wealth. The human being is different from other inhabitants of the planet, that he is reasonable, which means that this mind should be shown not only for consumption, but also for the creation of something worthwhile!