Didactic principles: essence, structure, content

The category "didactic principles" is often used as identical to the concept of "learning principles." However, this is not exactly an accurate interpretation of this concept, it is necessary to make significant clarifications, without which the difference is difficult to understand.

Principles of education are the most general, fundamental provisions in accordance with which the content of education, the system of its organization and pedagogical technologies on which teaching activities are based are developed.

Didactics is a special section of pedagogical science, in which the content, organization and methods (technologies) are examined for their effectiveness in the educational process.

The basic didactic principles are designed so that teachers and teachers can achieve the most meaningful results in training and so that learners can most effectively acquire knowledge.

Modern didactic principles determine practically all the components and stages of the pedagogical process, express the fundamental requirements to the goals of education, its content, methods, forms and techniques of teaching.

The modern pedagogical science distinguishes the following didactic principles:

- Consciousness and activity. A principle that presupposes an organic connection and interdependence of the nature of the pedagogical leadership and the level of the student's educational activity, his creative attitude to the very process of learning. Consciousness implies the learner's desire to comprehend the knowledge he receives for their effective practical application, and activity in this unity is a characteristic of the student's level of independence in the comprehension and application of knowledge.

- The principle of visibility implies adherence to the rule of the teacher's support in his pedagogical activity on the direct and real views of children about the world around him. The basis of this principle is the conclusion about the varying degrees of development in people's sense organs, and as a consequence, and different perceptions of the world, which are formed through the perception of the world by feelings.

- Systematic and consistent as a principle proceeds from the fact that a person can form a truly scientific worldview only when the picture of the world formed in the process of learning is integral, organic, explaining the complex interrelations and interactions of being.

- Scientific. This is the principle, according to which the content of education should be formed on the basis of really scientific knowledge, which allows us to critically comprehend the surrounding reality.

- Availability. This is the principle that requires adequate correspondence and combination in the educational process of the forms of its organization, ways of teaching individual parameters of children's development, their age and psychophysical characteristics. The criteria for such a relationship were formulated back in the Middle Ages by A. A. Komensky: from simple to complex, from known to unknown. Modern teaching technologies, various technical training tools today significantly increase the resources to ensure the availability of training.

- The principle of the organic connection theory with practice. One of the basic in the entire didactic system, he suggests that the teaching in its ultimate goal serves the interests of socialization of the individual, forms the ability of a person to effectively adapt to the complex and dynamic processes of modern society.

- The principle of durability sets forth the requirements for the content of education and the subjective attitude to it on the part of the student. The more interesting and more organized the educational process is, the stronger the motivational grounds for learning and the more firmly acquired knowledge. In general, all the didactic principles are built on the understanding and application of such mechanisms and technologies of educational activity that are able to provide high durability of mastering.

In their totality didactic principles represent a single systemic formation, which is one of the fundamental grounds on which educational activity is built.