Location and structure of the ovary

Every girl and woman just needs to know how her body works. Moreover, he has just magical powers, namely, the ability to reproduce a person to the light.

We suggest in this work to consider the structure of the ovary, uterus, and their functions. Also we will talk about some of the problems that the fair sex may face. To begin with, the ovaries are paired glands of sexual purpose. Perform the ovaries two main functions: generative and endocrine. We will talk about this a little later. We suggest starting with the structure of the sex gland data.

Structure of the ovaries

As we have already said, the ovaries are paired organs, which represent the sexual glands of the female body. It is there that the eggs form and mature. Before we consider the structure of the ovary, we will determine how it is located relative to other female organs. The ovaries are located on both sides of the uterus. Each of them is located near the side wall of the small pelvis.

They have a pale bluish color, the surface is tuberous, the ovaries themselves are oval and slightly flattened. The structure of the ovary is really a very difficult question. Allocate their surfaces:

• Medial;
• Lateral.

The edges:

• Mesenteric;
• free.

Two ends:

• Tubular;
• uterine.

Now a little about the parameters. In a matured girl, the ovaries can reach the following sizes, of course, you need to take into account age and individual characteristics:

Each ovary has a cover in the form of a white membrane, with the ventral part they are connected only through the fusion of the peritoneum and mesenteric margin. Below the shell is also a cortical coating, which is much stronger than the first, there is also a glandular tissue. In the very center is the so-called brain substance, which is distinguished by the presence of a multitude of vessels and its loose consistency, which is needed as a connective tissue.

Note also that the cortical substance contains follicles, which are divided into species:

• Primary;
• Vesicular.

The first on our list are non-ripened follicles, the latter are already fully ripe and contain follicular fluid. It is in them that the main sex cells - the egg cells are formed. The ripened follicle and the egg are involved in the ovulation process. The first bursts, the egg with the help of fimbria moves into the uterine cavity through the fallopian tube. Sometimes it happens that the follicle begins to dissolve, and has not finished its maturation.

Structure of the uterus

Consider the following question - the structure of the uterus and ovaries. These two bodies are directly related. It is their joint work that allows reproduction of the offspring and the continuation of the human race. Uterus has the shape of a pear, its weight is normal - from 40 to 60 grams. Its structure is distinguished by:

• body;
• Neck;
• Isthmus.

It is important to note the fact that the uterus is a hollow organ, that is, there is a free cavity inside. Its walls are in contact, which is why this cavity looks like a gap.

Select the wall layers:

• Endometrium, or mucosa, is the inner layer;
• Myometrium, or muscle, is the middle layer of the uterine wall;
• Serous membrane and peritoneum are the last, outer layer of the uterus.

Each layer undergoes any changes in the process of life of a woman. The endometrium may be one to three millimeters thick (it all depends on the phase of the cycle). Changes in the myometrium are absent until bermennosti and childbirth, its thickness varies from three to ten millimeters. The last layer covers all the female organs.

Let's briefly outline the main functions and purposes of this body:

• Protection from infections;
• Self-cleaning;
• Transportation of spermatozoa;
• implantation;
• Creation of conditions for the embryo;
• Expulsion of the fetus (during labor);
• Strengthening of the pelvic floor.

Functions of the ovaries

We examined such sexual organs as the uterus and ovaries, their structure. And the function of the ovaries is our next question. At the very beginning of this article, we mentioned that the ovaries perform two main functions:

• Generative;
• Endocrine.

The first function is the formation of sex cells. We offer a brief review of the process of oogenesis. It differs from the process of spermatogenesis, there are three stages in it:

• Reproduction;
• growth;
• maturation.

During the first stage, the reproduction of oogonions occurs, which in most cases occurs during intrauterine development. This process stops when the cell enters meiosis. At this stage, development stops before puberty. The growth stage proceeds already in the mature ovary, which functions. The last stage begins with the fact that oocytes of the second order are formed, and this process ends as a result of ovulation.

The main difference from spermatogenesis is the lack of a stage of formation.

We mentioned another function of the ovaries - the endocrine one. Granuloses, whose functions are regulated to a greater extent by lutropin, produce hormones:

• Estradiol, formed from the precursor of testosterone;
• Estrone, it helps the formation of estriol in the liver and placenta;
• Progesterone, which is simply necessary for ovulation.

Development of ovaries

We examined the structure of the ovary woman, now we offer a very brief talk about its development.

It should be noted that the formation of this body begins in the intrauterine development. As early as the fifth month, girls have fully developed sex glands that have follicles. After that they atrophy. Fully ovaries form in girls at the age of two.

Pregnancy

We considered the question of the structure of the ovaries, tubes, ovum. But what happens in the female body during pregnancy? The ovaries have a determining role, namely the production of the necessary hormones. It is also the cradle for maturing eggs. During the fertilization of the egg in one of the two ovaries, a yellow body forms. It is necessary for the increased production of progesterone. The yellow body helps to fully form the placenta, on the twelfth week it begins to die, since its main function is performed.

Also, you should know that during the onset of pregnancy, the ovaries of a woman go to "hibernation", so that there is not another ovulation.

Exhaustion

We have already examined the internal structure of the ovary, but did not say that their depletion occurs. What it is? This disease is briefly called SII (ovarian depletion syndrome). SI contains a whole complex of symptoms:

• amenorrhea;
• Disturbances in vegetovascular system;
• Infertility until a woman reaches 40 years of age.

This diagnosis can be made by doctors provided that the woman has not previously experienced difficulties with menstrual and reproductive function. Despite such a complex of symptoms, this disease is quite amenable to treatment.

Multifollicularity

The multifollicular structure of the ovaries almost does not differ from the structure of a healthy one, the only difference is that eight or more follicles simultaneously exist in the ovaries. Norm - from 4 to 7, full maturation of them reaches only one, rarely two. Multifollicularity can be detected using ultrasound (ultrasound), while the picture is as follows: in the ovaries there are more than seven follicles in the ripening stage.

It is also important to note that it is difficult to identify an accurate diagnosis with ultrasound, because multifollicularity can strongly resemble polycysticosis. If they saw a threat, they prescribe a consultation with a gynecologist and an analysis to determine the hormonal background.

Delete

In some cases, the ovaries can be removed. Consider briefly the options when they are removed:

• Hormone-dependent breast tumor;
• cyst;
• cancer;
• Inflamed pelvic organs.

Ovaries, the structure of which we have examined, are often removed together with the fallopian tubes. After the removal of two ovaries, you can no longer talk about the possibility of getting pregnant. First, the ovulation process stops and the menstrual cycle stops. Further in the body there is a lack of estrogens, as a result of which the uterine mucosa atrophies.

We examined the structure of the ovary, listed some diseases. Remember that women's health is very important to protect, because it affects the ability to have children.