Civil Defense Objectives and Objectives. The main tasks of civil defense

One of the basic human needs is a state of security and stability. And in the modern world there are many factors, events and threats that prevent people from feeling secure and stable.

That is why in all civilized society there are certain laws and rules, according to which the whole population lives. In the sphere of security, the most striking such concept and system of measures, fixed at the legislative level, is the definition of civil defense.

Proceeding from this, all citizens of the state need to understand what are the goals and tasks of civil defense, what is its essence.

The concept and essence of civil defense

Civil defense of the state (GO) is a specially developed system of actions and measures that are expressed in protecting the population, cultural and material values of the country from the dangers arising from military manipulations or emergencies. And also in the training and education of people in this field.

One of the functions of the state is to ensure the safety of the population. To implement it, countries take various actions to maintain and organize the GO.

The main tasks of civil defense are timely assistance, protection from enemy attacks, man-made or natural disasters and other large-scale hazards.

The leadership of modern civil defense at a general level is exercised by the government and the president of the country. In the Russian Federation, in addition to the above-mentioned authorities, civil authorities are also engaged in executive authorities in the regions of the country and in its municipalities. In each of which are established their leaders.

Goals and objectives

The following tasks of civil defense can be distinguished:

• Training residents of settlements to correct behavior during the conduct of hostilities or the occurrence of natural disasters;
• Warning people about the existence of a danger or its possible appearance;
• Export of the population, cultural or material values to safe places;
• Providing residents with the means necessary for individual protection, medicines and medical care;
• Detection and implementation of all necessary measures to eliminate contamination by radiation, chemical or biological weapons of the territories;
• The establishment of order in the territories where military operations were conducted or a natural disaster occurred, including the restoration of public services, their involvement in this process;
• Carrying out of decontamination procedures, sanitary treatment of buildings, equipment, structures;
• Fighting fires caused by military or natural disasters;
• Carrying out activities for all types of camouflage;
• Ensuring the constant combat readiness of all available forces and assets of the state;
• Burial of corpses of people who were victims of war or emergency situations.

It is also possible to single out the following tasks in the field of civil defense, which must be fulfilled by the state:

• The implementation of a set of measures to strengthen the stability of economic facilities that contribute to improving the functioning of civil defense in times of emergency;
• Special training, training and retraining, if necessary, civil defense forces and civil defense administrators;
• The construction of a foundation of protective facilities for the safety of the population (for example, bomb shelters);
• Control and coordination of activities of organizations involved in forecasting, prevention and elimination of the consequences of environmental and man-made disasters;
• Creation and maintenance in full readiness of all systems of warning of the population, systems of detection and supervision of chemical, radiation and biological conditions;
• Search for distressed spaceships, aircraft, submarines and ships;
• Training of residents to independently manufacture personal protective equipment, methods of rescue from mass destruction of weapons (nuclear), and the conduct of rescue and emergency operations.

Thus, the purpose and tasks of civil defense are quite well spelled out in legislation, but in practice, failures in the system often occur. As a result, the country bears large losses of the population, not to mention huge material values.

Laws regulating civil defense of the Russian Federation

The solution of civil defense tasks, its very concept and essence in the Russian Federation is regulated by Federal Law No. 28 "On Civil Defense". FZ was adopted in 1998, and the last changes were made in December 2013, already with the current leadership of the country.

This law establishes the concept of civil defense, the main tasks and features. And it also defines the competence of public authorities and law, responsibility, citizens' responsibilities in the field of civil defense.

In addition to the main federal law on defense, the legislator prescribes certain nuances of GO in other regulatory and legal acts and government regulations. At the same time, all Federal Laws related to civil defense do not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Civil Code.

System

After it was considered in general terms, what is civil defense, the concept and its tasks as a whole, it is necessary to proceed to in-depth consideration of civil defense in the Russian Federation. Starting with her system.

The GO system includes:

• Bodies of administration and civil defense;
• Monetary and material (food, medicines, means of protection) funds and reserves;
• Management complexes, alerts and communications required in case of danger;
• Other means and forces necessary for the fulfillment of the tasks of civil defense.

Civil defense forms its own structure not only on the basis of territorial principles, but also from production ones. Its main link is an economic object. For example, a factory, a university, etc.

Thus, the territorial feature of the formation of civil defense lies in its organization in different localities, in different subjects, regions, regions, cities and stanitsa of the Russian Federation, according to the administrative division of the country.

The production principle is the organization of defense in certain departments, ministries, enterprises and objects of different meanings.

From the information received, it becomes clear what civil defense is. The structure and tasks of it are closely related. Since each link of the GO carries out a number of functions that fall within its competence, then together these parts of the system form a powerful, efficient mechanism.

Civil defense can fulfill complex tasks of a global nature only with close interaction of various branches of power at all its levels, as well as bosses and subordinates of various organizations and enterprises. Therefore, it is very important to consider both each and every part of civil defense separately, as well as their interconnection in the process of fulfilling the intended goals.

Forces of GO

In the fifth chapter of the Federal Law "On Civil Defense" civil defense forces are assigned. These include military formations of federal significance, fire and rescue services and non-combat units, which carry out the main tasks of civil defense.

The procedure for the actions of the armed forces is enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation, and their involvement in the process of military operations, preventing or eliminating the consequences of emergencies is determined by the President of the Russian Federation. Non-standard units are involved in the process according to the civil defense plan, according to the decree of the official who is the head of civil defense in the territory where it is necessary.

Also, the Federal Law specifies the basics of the activities of special formations and the executive authority, which is authorized to solve the tasks of the civil defense of the Russian Federation. Namely:

• In the arsenal of state organizations in the area under consideration are special equipment and weapons (small and light).
• Military rescue teams are issued special certificates, a certain sample, which confirm their status. As well as the military have international signs denoting their belonging to the forces of civil defense.
• Social assistance, financing and the activities of the GO forces themselves are carried out according to the laws of the Russian Federation. At the same time, funds are allocated at different levels (federal, regional and local), depending on which formations are funded.

In the wartime, the Russian armed forces begin to operate from the time of the declaration of martial law by the president of the country, and in peacetime in the event of epidemics, technological accidents, catastrophes or disasters of an elemental nature.

Management

In accordance with the law, the Government of the country manages civil defense in the RF. State policy in the same area is carried out by the federal executive body on the basis of the powers that the president has given him. At the level of the subjects of the state and municipalities, the board of civil defense is exercised by the heads of executive power of the subjects and municipalities, respectively. Chiefs fully vouch and are responsible for organizing and conducting measures to protect and protect the population.

In order to timely, on the relevant territory and to the full extent, the tasks in the field of civil defense were fulfilled, the following bodies of the management of the civil defense are legally fixed in the Russian Federation:

1. The executive authority in the field of GO of federal significance.

This body of power carries out appropriate regulation of all lower-level bodies and organizations. It has special permitting, supervisory and control functions in order to ensure the goals and tasks of civil defense.

2. Territorial executive authorities of the GO.

These are regional centers for the liquidation of the consequences of natural disasters, assistance at the time of emergency situations, generally authorized to solve any task of civil defense in the territory of an individual entity or a municipal entity. Such bodies are completed by servicemen of military formations of the federal authority, as well as by the leaders of the federal fire service and civilian personnel.

The management of territorial bodies is appointed and removed from office by the heads of the federal executive body. The President of the Russian Federation is also entitled to release them from his post.

3. Structural subdivisions of federal executive authorities.

4. Structural divisions of organizations (workers).

Powers of the President and Government of the Russian Federation in the field of civil defense

In addition to the fact that FZ-28 explains the purpose and tasks of civil defense, defines its concept and features, it also specifies the competence of public authorities in this area.

So, in the second chapter of Art. 5 it is stated that the President of the Russian Federation is authorized:

• Determine the basis of a unified policy in the field of civil defense;
• Approve and implement the GO Plan, both on the entire territory of the Russian Federation and in its individual constituents;
• Approve the number, composition, structure of the rescue military formations, the provision on their organization and changes.

In accordance with Art. 6 The government of the Russian Federation in order to fulfill the tasks of civil defense has the right and the duty to:

• Ensure the implementation of a unified defense policy;
• To supervise the general management and organizational moments of civil defense;
• Issue various regulatory legal acts in the field of defense and organize the development of the Federal Law;
• Determine the order of referring the area to civil defense groups;
• Establish the procedure for the evacuation of people, material and cultural values from the danger zone;
• Establish the rules for training citizens in the field of defense;
• Determine the procedure for the creation of shelters and shelters, as well as the accumulation, use and storage of various protective equipment, food, medicines.

Powers of executive authorities in the field of civil defense

In accordance with Art. 7 bodies of executive power in the field of civil defense can and should:

• Adopt normative and legal acts in this field, bring to the attention of the information contained in them, competent organizations, monitor their compliance and implementation;
• Develop a civil defense plan, while coordinating it with the federal government;
• Carry out measures and procedures for civil defense, create the necessary forces and means of protection;
• Carry out a set of measures designed to preserve objects that are critical for the functioning of the economy and the preservation of people's lives;
• To create and monitor the ongoing readiness of a complex of technical devices for civil defense management, as well as for public warning systems ;
• To create and monitor the safety of stocks of provisions, medicines and other necessary means.

Civil organizations of civil defense

In order to protect the population from hazards, in addition to government agencies, there are also GO-level formations at the enterprise level. Such civilian organizations of the civil defense can be entered by all adult citizens who have not reached the retirement age, except for pregnant women, invalids, mothers of small children (up to 8 years) and some other categories of citizens.

FZ-28 also highlights the tasks of civilian civil defense organizations and their powers. Namely:

• Planning and organization of defense activities;
• The training of its employees in the field of defense;
• Creation and storage of own stocks of valuable during disaster funds, medicines, provisions.

The organizations of the 1st and 2nd and some third hazard classes (production of radiation or nuclear hazards, hydraulic structures) are obliged to create and keep emergency rescue units in constant readiness. And the 1st and 2nd classes of danger are also local warning systems of danger.

Other features of civil defense of the Russian Federation

It can also be added that all the tasks of the civil defense of the Russian Federation, depending on the overall internal and external situation, are performed in several modes:

1. Everyday activity is the fulfillment of goals and tasks in peacetime, in the absence of natural and man-made disasters.
2. Increased readiness - actions with a clear threat of unleashing a war, with deterioration of the chemical, radiation, seismic or production environment.
3. Emergency mode - the declaration of war, martial law, the actual accomplishment of an accident, a catastrophe.

A few words about how, in general, civil defense has developed and changed. Goal tasks were always carried out and transformed depending on what kind of danger threatened the country in this or that period.

For example, in the 30s of the 20th century an air defense system of local importance was created. It was in connection with the appearance and intensification of the bombardment at that time from the aggressor (the German invaders). With the help of this system, many aerial bombs have been rendered harmless, a huge number of fires have been extinguished and industrial accidents have been prevented.

In the middle of the 20th century, there was a threat of nuclear weapons, so at this time the country was building up its nuclear potential for its own defense. The population was regularly trained in the means and actions necessary to protect them from a nuclear explosion.

Today, the state is more susceptible to terrorist attacks by gangs. And also serious natural disasters (fires, floods). Accordingly, all the forces of the state and people are put in the fight against them. For these purposes in the Russian Federation since January, 1994 there is the Ministry of Emergency Measures.

Conclusion

The term "civil defense", its definition and tasks in the modern world was considered above. Based on the information received, we can conclude that in today's RF there is a very effective legislative framework in the field of GO. Nevertheless, from year to year there are various situations, from which it becomes clear that there are still a lot of problems in this area. Due to the insubordination, negligence and connivance of the executives and members of the executive bodies, the country suffers heavy losses and loses many lives of its citizens.

In this regard, it is worth highlighting the main directions in the development of civil defense:

1. State definition of priorities in financing and implementation of GO activities.
2. The emphasis of the competent authorities on systematic training in the basics of security of both non-state formations and civil defense bodies and the ordinary population of the country.
3. Toughening of punishment for improper performance of their duties by officials in the field of civil defense.