Bezosty fire (grass): planting and care

One of the most useful perennials in agriculture is a bonfire - an herb that is indispensable as a feed for livestock, and in addition, also enriches the soil with nitrogen, producing it from the carbon dioxide consumed by the plant from the air.

Description

The boneless brome is a topmost rhizome grass, the height of which can reach one and a half meters. Stem is smooth, dense with many elongated shoots. The leaves are flat, 4 to 10 mm wide, dark green in color. In cold weather, their color turns pale. Inflorescence in the form of a panicle, whose length is 15-20 cm, consists of large spikelets from 12 to 30 mm in size. The lower floral scales of violet color have a wide filmy margin. The top of the grain and the ovary are covered with thick pubescence. The flowering period is not long, depends on the weather and lasts a maximum of 2 weeks. Watching this grass in windy weather, you can see how with a tilt in different directions, the panicles shine with red light, which is very similar to the flame.

The root system of the plant is quite powerful and reaches two meters in depth. Due to such rhizome, the beetle is able to tolerate any drought, giving high hay yields even in regions where the amount of precipitation is minimal. It is also resistant to long-term flooding.

Place of distribution

Most often this plant can be found in Europe, Asia Minor and North Asia. In Russia it grows almost everywhere, except for the Arctic and some regions of the Far East. It mainly grows along the banks of rivers, ponds, meadows and sparse forests, forming pure thickets. The neighborhood of such plants as meadow tea, oriental scurvy, bluegrass and some other representatives of cereals is poorly tolerated by the fire. Positively, its growth is affected by sowing in grass mixtures with alfalfa.

Growth conditions

The boneless bonfire is rather unpretentious. It grows in places well illuminated by the sun. Soils prefer rather rich in nutrients, well drained. It grows best on loam, sandy loam and dried peat bogs. Soil salinity is unsuitable. On them, the bonfire is quickly replaced by grass. Of great importance for this plant is the water permeability of the soil, on dense clays it grows rather poorly. Negatively affects the growth of grass and the proximity of groundwater. Under favorable conditions, the period of economic use can be up to 20 years, in dry places it is quite small and rarely exceeds 6 years.

Although the boneless bonfire - the grass is drought-resistant, at an air temperature above 38 ° C, its significant burning takes place. However, dry winds are carried by this plant much better than other cereals. At the beginning of growth, a fire may be suppressed by high-growth crops, but gradually, expanding, it begins to displace many plants, successfully combating weeds.

Reproduction

The culture is renewed with the help of seeds and vegetatively. The first option under natural conditions has the lowest value. Despite the fact that the seeds of the grass are formed in a fairly large number (up to 18 thousand per 1 sq. M.), Only a small part of them grows, and the adult state reaches unity.

The possibility of vegetative reproduction occurs only in the fourth year of plant life. The space that the growing root system occupies gradually increases. From fresh shoots, formed by young roots, new plants are formed. Thanks to this method of reproduction, the boneless bonfire-the grass is very hardy and adapted to various unfavorable conditions.

Planting and care

On agricultural lands, this plant is planted after sunflower, maize, potatoes. It is best to do this in autumn, although it is possible to sow in spring and summer. With continuous sowing in rows, the seeding rate is up to 7 million seeds (about 25 kg per 1 hectare). On fertile soil, the amount can be slightly reduced to 5 million, and on unfavorable for growth - increased by 1-2 million. Seeds of grass are very light, and it can be difficult to sow. This task is facilitated by the addition of granular superphosphate at a rate of 50 kg per 1 hectare. The seeding depth is from 4 to 5 cm. After sowing, moist soil is slightly rolled up.

Of great importance for the harvest is not only how to sow the grass, but also how well it is properly fed. To increase the growth of the vegetative mass, nitrogen fertilizers are of great help, which are introduced annually, in spring, at 50 kg per hectare.

In the first year of plant life, weed control is required. They are undercut 2 or 3 times during the summer. After 2 years, you can make heavy harrows, and on the fourth - with a disc cutter.

Using

A boneless bonfire is a valuable pasture and haymaking plant, capable of yielding a very high yield. Even in arid and unfavorable areas, it can be up to 50 quintals per hectare. Green grass and hay containing nitrogen-free extractives up to 47%, fiber - 21%, protein - 19%, protein - 16%, 9% ash and 3% fat are very nutritious. This plant is eaten with pleasure by animals. It is used both as a feed for livestock, and for fixing the soil in areas prone to flushing, to secure the slopes of ravines.

The boneless bonfire is a good precursor for cereals, capable of restoring the fertile soil layer. He perfectly copes with weeds, suppressing them for the second year of his life.

Use boneless brome on the pasture is recommended when observing certain tricks. It is necessary to sow crops only not earlier than the age of three, when the sod is sufficiently dense. Up to three cycles are carried out, while the above-ground part is alienated no less than 6 cm. Grazing in pastures occupied by this crop is not allowed in autumn. This can lead to the fact that nutrients do not have time to accumulate, as a result, shoots do not form, which leads to a decrease in yields and fodder mass and seeds next year.

Thanks to a large number of useful properties, a bonfire finds a very wide application in agriculture. The price of seeds of this plant is small and amounts to 110-120 rubles per 1 kg.