Table of vaccinations up to a year for children. Calendar of vaccinations for children under one year

Modern parents are divided into three types: the first are for vaccination of children, others are against, and still others are in meditation. Before joining any of the groups, it is necessary to understand the concept of "vaccination" and get acquainted with the material presented. We will review all major vaccinations for up to a year (which are mandatory and which are optional), and we will also review the list of vaccines that are administered after reaching the age of one year.

History of vaccination development

The first records of the vaccination are from the 8th century. At that time, the doctors of ancient Indian medicine found that vaccination against smallpox causes immunity to its severe form. But because of the lack of knowledge about the varieties of the disease, the result of vaccination was often a fatal outcome.

For centuries, scientists from different countries have been involved in the prevention of disease through vaccination, conducted research, wrote scientific works. But it was not until the end of the 19th century that Louis Pasteur (the French immunologist) was able to come close enough to the method of developing vaccines for various infectious diseases.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, more than 100 different vaccines have been developed that protect against forty infections that are caused by bacteria, viruses and protozoa.

What is vaccination?

Vaccination is an increase in immunity by a synthetic method, by introducing a special material into the human body to increase its resistance to various infectious diseases. Vaccinations are made for preventive and curative purposes.

Methods of vaccination

Vaccination of children is carried out in the following ways:

1. Intramuscular injection. The most preferred way of introducing vaccines, as in this case it dissolves more quickly, immunity begins to be produced faster, and the risk of allergic reactions decreases.
2. Oral method. Thus, a vaccine is introduced from enterovirus infections, which in the form of drops, with sugar or cracker, is swallowed by the patient. The disadvantage of this method is that the correct dosage may not be maintained.
3. Intradermally. This method introduces vaccines, such as anti-tuberculosis BCG, live tularemia and antipoietic.
4. Subcutaneous injections. The method is preferred for many inactivated and "live" vaccines (from rubella, measles, mumps, yellow fever and others).
5. Intranasal route. It implies the introduction of a vaccine through the nose and represents a method for controlling diseases spreading by airborne droplets.

Mandatory and additional vaccinations

In the Russian Federation, the vaccination plan for up to one year includes mandatory and additional vaccinations.

Mandatory vaccination - vaccinations against infections and diseases of the most severe forms. They are also included in the national and regional calendars of preventive vaccinations. Additional vaccination is carried out at the patient's will, for example, before traveling.

The last time the national calendar of vaccinations for children up to the year and older was approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of 31.02.11, under number 51n "On the approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemiological indications." The approved vaccination table for up to one year and older includes the introduction of vaccines against such major common infectious virus and bacterial diseases as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, mumps, and others.

Mandatory vaccinations for children up to one year - schedule

Below is a list of vaccinations that are mandatory for a child up to a year.

The schedule of vaccinations up to a year may be slightly shifted, for example, vaccination against tuberculosis for children who at birth weighed less than 2000 grams, do later, because they have very thin skin.

Additional Inoculations

The list of preventive vaccinations is quite large, so the most common ones will be mentioned below.

What vaccinations a year a child is required to do

After a complex vaccination at 6 months, the child is vaccinated at 1 year. It includes vaccination against rubella, measles and mumps.

Measles is a viral disease that spreads by airborne droplets (during a conversation, when coughing, sneezing, etc.). The temperature rises to 39-40 ^o C. Symptoms are as follows: intoxication, rash, nasal and laryngeal mucosa (rhinitis, cough, sneezing, photophobia).

Rubella is a viral infection. It spreads by airborne droplets. Children are lighter than adults, suffer the disease. Symptoms are as follows: mild fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes. If a child gets rubella in the womb, then there is a high risk of miscarriage or development of congenital malformations of his development.

Epidemic parotitis is a virus that causes the disease with epidemic parotitis. When it enters a healthy body by airborne droplets and through contaminated objects, it begins to multiply rapidly in the salivary glands. Symptoms: fever, increased salivary glands, general malaise, loss of appetite.

A complex inoculation is made every year under the shoulder blade. Revaccination occurs at 6 years. Inoculation in 1 year forms immune protection against measles, rubella and mumps for 25 years.

The difference between state vaccinations and paid

Recently, cases when doctors of polyclinics offer parents to do both state free vaccinations and paid ones have become frequent. At the same time, there is no absolute claim that a paid vaccine is better.

Most often, paid vaccinations for children under one year are a vaccine that contains components against several diseases, for example, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, type B influenza. Free vaccination is characterized by the fact that one or more components are absent. This does not mean that it will be ineffective. Just a vaccination schedule of up to a year provides for vaccination in several ways, for example, a polio vaccine is done separately (not intramuscularly, but orally).

Also, because of the large number of vaccines after paid vaccinations, there is a proportion of the likelihood of side effects, which would not have been the case with standard vaccination. All vaccines, paid and public, are on the list recommended and licensed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Contraindications for vaccination

There are the following contraindications for vaccination:

1. True, that is, those that are proven by various studies and listed in official Russian and international regulations.
2. False vaccines created by opponents.
3. Absolute - refer to the true contraindications, in which vaccination is excluded completely.
4. Conditional (relative) - refer to the true contraindications, in which the doctor decides to perform the vaccination, based on the history of the patient's clinical picture and the current epidemic situation.
5. Temporary, that is, the presence of the following symptoms at the time of vaccination: elevated temperature, unacceptable results of blood and urine tests, overstated or understated clinical norm, weakness, the presence of inflammatory processes.
6. Permanent - those that do not disappear even after time passes.
7. Particular contraindications relate to a specific vaccine.

More details with contraindications can be found by reviewing the table below.

The provided list of contraindications has the property of shrinking. This is due to the recent improvements in vaccines.

Tips: before, during and after inoculation

In order for the vaccine to fulfill its purpose, and not to cause harm, and the child was not afraid of further this procedure, the following recommendations exist:

• It is necessary to do blood and urine tests;
• To receive the conclusions of a child neurologist and allergist;
• Do not feed a child before vaccinating a new food for him;
• Do not scare your baby with vaccinations, even if it's a comic form;
• Take with you to vaccination your child's favorite toy and clean diaper or sheet;
• Do not forget the vaccination certificate (if any);
• Discuss all the questions and doubts with the doctor;
• On the day of the vaccination, measure the temperature of the baby's body;
• Try not to worry yourself and not show your anxiety to the child;
• If during the vaccination the child has begun to cry, then let him cry, and then let the baby take a deep and slow breath.

After the vaccination, remember the following:

• Stay for half an hour in the clinic to stabilize the child's condition;
• In case of DTP vaccination in a hot season, give the child an antipyretic agent;
• On the day of vaccination, avoid water procedures and long walks.

Also, do not forget that you can change your baby's usual diet no sooner than 3 days after the vaccination. Side effects do not necessarily appear immediately, some may appear only on the 5th day.