Treatment of acute sinusitis in the home

For some people, sinusitis is associated with a trivial rhinitis, in medicine called rhinitis. Indeed, these two different diseases have one common symptom - a discharge from the nose, or in a popular snot. When they appear, many are rushing to solve the problem with the help of widely advertised sprays and drops, not suspecting that such therapy only makes themselves new problems. And all because treatment of an acute sinusitis, unlike a rhinitis, should consider the reasons which have caused it. In other words, if the sinusitis has arisen from an injury, for example after a visit to the dentist, the methods of treating it are completely different than those of a sinusitis resulting from a bacterial infection. A treatment of acute sinusitis caused by pathogenic fungi can not be carried out by the same methods as sinusitis allergic.

Only the doctors-otorhinolaryngologists can determine what exactly happened to your nose. They prescribe a series of studies, and already on the basis of their results prescribe drugs. If you try to get rid of the bothersome cold yourself, you can stop it for a while, and put the disease in deep. Then, at best, the runny nose will appear with tedious regularity, and at worst sinusitis will develop into a more dangerous disease, for example, in meningitis or in the abscess of the brain.

The concept and characteristics of sinusitis

To understand how the effective treatment of acute sinusitis should be performed, it is necessary to clearly imagine what it is. Not everyone knows that sinuses are not only in geometry. The same term refers to the special sinuses of our nose, and their inflammation, respectively, is a sinusitis. In total, there are four pairs of sinuses (paranasal sinuses) in the people whose diseases bear specific names:

1. Frontite. In the frontal part of the skull, approximately above the eye sockets, there are two sinuses, analogous to the frontal ones. In newborns, they are absent and are formed only after reaching the age of 7 years and older, and some people are not formed at all. Their posterior walls border on the frontal lobes of the brain, and the lower ones - with the walls of the eye sockets. The sinuses are lined with a thin mucous membrane, bound by special fibers with the eye and facial nerve. Inflammation of these frontal sinuses is called "frontal". Treatment of acute sinusitis in adults and in schoolchildren must necessarily begin with the establishment of inflammation localization and elimination of the frontitis, since it is one of the most serious forms of the disease.

2. Etmoiditis. Approximately in the region of the bridge of the nose, or more precisely between the frontal, lacrimal, palatine and maxillary bones, there is a so-called latticed bone. In the section it resembles a figurative labyrinth of cells of different shapes and sizes. Inside the sinuses of the trellis are also lined with mucous membranes. Their inflammation is called "etmoiditis."

3. Sinusitis. In the maxillary bone there are sinuses, many known as haymorov. Schematically they are located on both sides of the nose, approximately from the eye sockets to the nasolabial fold, and in size are the largest. The maxillary sinuses are lined with mucous, very poor nerves. Therefore, her inflammation about herself does not immediately tell. In a healthy state they are filled with air. Their lower walls are too thin, which creates a risk of infection in them and even filling material, for example, when dentists work poorly. This greatly complicates the treatment of acute sinusitis of the maxillary sinuses, also called sinusitis, as it is necessary to simultaneously engage in the sanation of the oral cavity and treat diseases of the teeth.

4. Sphenoiditis. In the sphenoid bone there are small sinuses, called by analogy wedge-shaped. Their inflammation is sphenoiditis.

If several sinuses are inflamed at the same time, the pansinusitis is diagnosed.

Causes

Treatment of acute sinusitis in adults and children is correct to begin with establishing the causes that caused it. They can be:

- Various diseases of infectious etiology (tonsillitis, rhinitis, pulpitis, tuberculosis, as well as tumors and radiation);

- allergic reactions;

- dental treatment (root resection, canal filling);

- injuries to the nose and sinuses;

- polyps that appeared in the nasal sinuses;

- toxins;

- uncontrolled use of drops from the common cold, as a result of which a large amount of mucus accumulates in the sinuses (especially in the maxillary sinuses);

- drafts;

- long-term presence in places with dry and hot air;

- hypothermia;

- adenoids and polyps;

- problems with teeth and oral cavity (in case of sinusitis).

But most often it is because of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the sinuses that acute sinusitis begins. Symptoms and treatment in adults depend on the type of microbe that has penetrated the mucous membranes. It can be:

- Staphylococci;

- mushrooms;

- streptococci and others.

Classification

Differentiate not only on the localization of inflammation, but also on other signs of acute sinusitis. Symptoms and treatment, depending on the type being diagnosed, may be similar, but may differ significantly.

For reasons that caused sinusitis, the classification is as follows:

- traumatic;

- viral;

- allergic;

- Mycosis (caused by fungal parasites);

- bacterial;

- medicamentous;

- mixed.

According to the type of mucus formation, the classification is:

- exudative sinusitis (serous, purulent, catarrhal);

- productive (polyposis, parieto-hyperplastic).

Sinusitis chronic

By the nature of the flow differentiate acute and chronic sinusitis. In acute form, the disease lasts no more than two weeks. In chronic it lasts for years, in remission almost without showing symptoms. When there are factors provoking exacerbations, diagnose acute chronic sinusitis. Treatment in such cases is the same as in acute form. Causes of chronic sinusitis:

- untreated diseases (acute respiratory disease, influenza, bronchitis and others);

- improper treatment (unsuitable antibiotics and the like);

- adenoids and polyps in the nasal cavities;

- decreased immunity;

- Smoking;

- chronic diseases;

- cystic fibrosis;

- bronchial asthma;

- HIV and others.

During the period of remission, chronic sinusitis can only bother with mild headaches, fatigue, lethargy and not attract attention. His treatment is complicated by the fact that parasites in the sinuses of microorganisms have time to adapt to the drugs used by the patient. Therefore, therapy is carried out only in a complex: antibiotics, to which pathogens, anti-inflammatory and immunity-correcting drugs, methods that strengthen the body as a whole are susceptible.

Acute sinusitis: symptoms

Each type and type of sinusitis has its own characteristic symptomatology. However, there are a number of common signs that help to suspect this insidious disease. Why should I suspect and not diagnose? Because the symptoms of sinusitis, especially at the initial stage, are observed in many other diseases. It:

- general weakness;

- decreased appetite;

- moderate headache, removed analgesics (if the inflammation is unilateral, then the head hurts from the same side);

- temperature.

In addition, there may be:

- a common cold;

- sneezing;

- nasal congestion;

- painful sensations in the nasal sinuses;

- Decreased sense of smell;

- sleep disturbance;

- Sometimes a sore throat.

In addition, with different types of sinusitis, patients experience some characteristic symptoms.

So, genyantritis or acute maxillary sinusitis, whose treatment in any case can not be carried out without consulting a doctor, is characterized by such symptoms:

- tearing;

- chills;

Memory impairment;

- Pain in the gums when turning the head.

With front characteristic symptoms:

- a feeling of pain and heaviness above the eyes;

- pain in the eyes, increasing with tilts and decreasing in the supine position.

When etmoiditis the symptoms are:

- a feeling of pressure in the eye sockets;

- tearing;

- heaviness in the cheek from the inflamed sinus;

- signs of toxicosis.

With sphenoiditis:

- feeling of heaviness, raspiraniya in the nasopharynx;

- headache aching, mainly in the nape of the neck (the prevalent symptom);

- double vision;

- pain, giving in ears.

To clarify the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a blood test (general), an X-ray, a rhinoscope, and even a CT scan.

So, you already know what has the symptoms of acute sinusitis. And treatment for adults will later be presented to your attention. In the meantime, let's talk about the features of the ailment in young patients.

Sinusitis in children

In about one in five cases, acute sinusitis is diagnosed in children. Symptoms and treatment of all types of diseases are about the same as in adults. Differences consist in the fact that children do not have a frontitis, because they do not have frontal sinuses. The causes of sinusitis in children are almost the same as in adults, but the prevalent importance is:

- infection with pathogenic microorganisms;

- adenoids;

- hypothermia;

Weakened immunity;

- allergic reactions;

- congenital pathologies in the structure of nasal septums;

- improper treatment of previous sinusitis of acute respiratory disease, influenza, bronchitis.

In addition to the main symptoms of sinusitis, parents may be alerted:

- the appearance of blue circles under the eyes of the baby;

- complaints of pain in the ears;

- refusal to eat;

- capriciousness;

- hard breath;

- deterioration of the child's condition by the evening and improvement in the morning;

- prolonged (more than two weeks) cough, runny nose.

Treatment of acute sinusitis in children should never be done on your own. The ENT doctor is required to give the child a series of tests (blood, smear from the spout), in especially difficult cases, an MRI or CT scan is performed. At home, you can perform such therapies:

1. Burying the nose with one of the vasoconstrictive drugs: Nazivin, Sanorin, Xylo, and then - one of the antiseptic drugs: Ekteritsid, Protargol. Rinsing of the nose very small children is not recommended.

2. Treatment with antibiotics: "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin" or their analogues.

3. Treatment with antiallergic drugs: Claritin, Tavegil.

Inhalation can be performed on the advice of a doctor. Usually use decoctions of chamomile, calendula. Also having agreed with the doctor, it is possible to give the child homeopathic preparations and to use physiotherapy. A good effect is provided by acupressure and gymnastics.

Degrees of gravity

Regardless of localization and type, acute sinusitis can easily or extremely severely occur. Symptoms and treatment at different degrees of severity are significantly different:

1. Light form. The patient feels a slight malaise, a slight weakness, although it remains workable. Symptoms that give the right to suspect sinusitis:

- a common cold;

Sniffling with breathing;

- not particularly severe headaches;

- nasal congestion;

- a slight increase in temperature (it does not always happen).

If the patient is X-rayed, there may be no signs of sinusitis in the pictures.

2. The medium-heavy form. There is a pronounced malaise. Other symptoms:

- quite palpable headaches;

- high temperature (more than 38 ° C);

- nausea, sometimes vomiting;

Swelling of the eyelids;

- tenderness of the nasal sinuses;

- puffiness of soft tissues near the sinuses of the nose.

3. Heavy form. The patient is weakened, indifferent, complains of soreness throughout the body. Other symptoms:

- heat;

- lack of appetite;

- nausea, often with vomiting;

- sometimes diarrhea;

- severe headaches;

- The temperature is increased significantly, sometimes to critical levels.

Rhinosinusitis

The mechanism of development of sinusitis in a simplified form is as follows: the holes (mouths) with which all nasal sinuses communicate, in fact, with the nose, due to mucosal inflammation narrow or completely close. Because of this in the sinuses, there is excessive pressure, which, in turn, provokes a new formation of mucus. Since the output is blocked, it stagnates. This leads to a change in the acidity of the flora in the nose, and the ciliated epithelium cilia cease to move. All this creates paradise conditions for pathogenic microorganisms. They begin to multiply at an accelerated pace, destroy the membrane of the mucous membranes and penetrate into their cells.

At the initial stages of discharge from the nose are serous (the color is transparent, the specific density is small). The body sends anti-leukocytes to the area of inflammation to fight uninvited guests. By killing, they form a muddy greenish-yellow liquid of higher density, called pus, and the disease is already diagnosed as rhinosinusitis or acute purulent sinusitis. Treatment of the disease should be done only professionally, otherwise complications such as meningitis, subdural empyema, orbital abscess can be obtained.

Purulent sinusitis, like any other, proceeds in three stages. Light and medium can be treated according to general rules, but it is necessary to take a swab from the nose to determine the type of pathogen and choose the right antibiotic. Also in the treatment complex includes drugs that dilute the mucus, narrowing the vessels of the mucosa, antiseptics, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and strengthening immunity. At the third stage of the disease, such conservative measures may not be enough, so they perform sinus punctures. Such measures are also taken in cases when other methods of treatment do not give results.

Acute sinusitis: treatment. Preparations

The meaning of therapy for any sinusitis is to remove inflammation of the mucosa, to ensure the withdrawal from the sinuses of exudate and the destruction of pathogenic pathogens.

When a patient finds polyps or adenoids, they are surgically removed.

With the allergic etiology of sinusitis find out what exactly it provokes, conduct antiallergic therapy, while simultaneously special exercises restore breathing and prescribe drugs that increase immunity.

When genyantritis is administered, a puncture of the maxillary sinuses is prescribed with the removal of accumulated masses from them, washing them with saline solution and injecting antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs into them. However, this procedure can cause complications, such as otitis media, edema, vascular embolism, meningitis. Therefore, if possible, do not run the disease.

Drugs of choice in the treatment of acute sinusitis are prescribed, based on the condition and age of the patient, the presence of chronic diseases, as well as on the basis of the results of the study of pathogenic microflora in the nose. With mild and moderate forms of sinusitis, medications are taken orally. In severe form, some of the drugs are injected.

Algorithm of treatment:

1. Burying the nose. Most people with a snot appear immediately run to the pharmacy for vasoconstrictive drops from the cold. They should be used only during acute attacks and, as a rule, at night to ensure a restful sleep. But even if this does not adhere to and bury your nose according to the indications, this treatment can be done no more than 5 days. Popular drugs - Protargol, Ingaron, Derinat, Grippferon, Pinosol, Euforbium (suitable for children).

2. Rinse the nose. This technique provides the flow of mucus from the sinuses and sanitizes the nasal cavity. The recommended drugs are Dioxydin, Miramistan, Furacilin, Chlorophyllipt. According to many patients, such a simple device, like a nose wash, is able not only to relieve the ailment, but also to prevent acute sinusitis. Effective treatment, reviews and doctors, and patients about which only positive, - use for washing the nose solutions of bacteriophages. Applying them, you can do without antibiotics, which for some categories of patients is fundamentally important. The only condition without which the method does not work - before you prepare a solution of bacteriophages, you must definitely determine the type of bacteria that have occupied the sinuses.

3. Antipyretic. At a temperature prescribed drugs "Paracetamol", "Aspirin", "Ibuprofen", "Nalgezin". Also used antiallergic drugs "Loratadin", "Cetirizine".

4. Mucolytic drugs. Be sure to include in the complex therapy "Libexin", "Mukodin", "Fljuditek." They dilute the mucus, which helps its rapid removal.

5. Antibiotic and antiviral. They are prescribed for almost all forms of sinusitis. The following groups are used:

- penicillins: "Amoxilav", "Unazin", "Ammisid";

- cephalosporins: "Cefixim", "Panzef", "Suprax" (have a large number of adverse reactions);

- Macrolides: "Josamycin", "Clarithromycin" (the period of use is up to 3 days);

- fluoroquinolones (for adults only): "Ciprofloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "Ofloxacin" and others.

6. Physiotherapy - treatment with laser, UHF, microwaves and pulse currents.

Folk remedies

Treatment of acute sinusitis with folk remedies is entirely possible, provided that the disease is at the very beginning or as an additional means to the main course.

1. Rinse the nose with a solution of salt, especially sea salt. For adults, put a teaspoon without a slide of salt for half a liter of water, and for children - per liter, carefully stir to make all the crystals dissolved. In severe cases, a drop of iodine and the tip of baking soda can be added to the solution. The prepared solution can also be used for a kind of mask. In it, moisten with gauze, lightly squeeze and cover her face for a quarter of an hour.

2. Thuya oil. Used as an antiseptic, immunomodulator, a remedy for the removal of inflammation of the mucosa and as a prevention of polyps. Oil of thuja can be instilled in the nose or inhaled. For instillation, pre-wash the nose with saline solution, then instill 3 drops of purified (distilled) water into each nostril, and then 2 drops of oil. The nostrils are clamped.

3. Cyclamen. One of the most effective remedies curing acute sinusitis. Treatment at home by this method is long, at least 2 months every day, but relieves of the ailment forever. The root of the cyclamen is washed, rubbed on the grater, squeezed the juice and diluted with water (1: 1). Store the remedy in the refrigerator. Bury them in each nostril 2 drops.

4. Prepare a mixture of juices of cyclamen, aloe, calanchoe and onion, add Vishnevsky ointment. The ointment obtained by ear wand is placed in each nostril.

5. The Laurel. Three large bay leaves are flooded with water and brought to a boil. In the resulting solution, a cloth is wetted, slightly wrung out, put on the forehead and the bridge of the nose, kept until cooling. Repeat the process 3 times.

Some people try to treat sinusitis by heating the nasal sinuses with a hot egg or other objects, which is a mistake. If in the sinuses there is a congestion of mucus, especially purulent, warming will promote the rapid reproduction of microorganisms and the further spread of the infection. It is possible to warm up the nose only when the stage of recovery has begun and the sinuses have already been cleansed.

There are dozens of other national recipes from sinusitis, it is impossible to cover them all in one article.