Autumn changes in nature. Autumn changes in inanimate nature

For the comprehensive development of preschool children in kindergarten and junior schoolchildren, it is extremely necessary to pay attention to the natural changes in the seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter. For example, with the beginning of the fall and the new school year, you can teach the lesson "Autumn changes in nature", clearly explaining the topic of training in the park on walks or in the classroom using the material collected in advance. More adult children keep a calendar of weather changes, drawing icons and comparing with previous years. It fixes autumn changes in nature (pictures and herbarium are attached). On the topic of the lesson, you should pay attention to the following points.

Golden autumn

In the central part of Russia, autumn really is "eye-charm", as the poet said. The heat and the heat of the summer change the easy coolness. The days become shorter, and the nights are longer and darker. The first to this autumn changes in nature begin to react trees. The leaves turn yellow and turn red, then slowly fly around, covering the entire district with a colorful carpet. There comes a period of golden Indian summer, when nature still pleases with a moderate sun, when the late fruits are ripe, filling with sweetness and aroma, but the nights are getting colder and colder.

Leaf fall

This majestic and colorful phenomenon of nature is associated with biological changes that occur in almost all wild trees in the cold periods of the year. The foliage sinks and makes it possible for plants to rest, prepare for a long winter hibernation, when all the vital processes inside the tree are suspended, and the juices cease to circulate. Without leaves, trees consume much less water, do not accumulate a lot of snow on the branches during snowfalls. So, the risks of mechanical damage are reduced. In addition, along with the leaves of the plant, all kinds of pests are also dumped, which then die in a period when colds come. We can say that the autumn changes in nature begin with a fall leaf. But this - in the wild (because the trees are also living creatures that have the ability to breathe and grow). And how are autumn changes in the inanimate nature related to the onset of cold weather?

Mists

Indian summer is a short period, usually ending with the onset of October. There are already the first signs of inclement weather. Fogs, thick, sticky, resembling milk in their kind, fill the autumnal nature with dampness and a pungent smell. In its essence, fog is a dense cloud, which, as a result of the temperature drop, forms near the surface of the soil. As soon as it becomes warmer, the fog will dissipate. The moisture will fall on the withered grass and foliage in the form of hoarfrost (if the earth has already cooled down sufficiently).

Frost

To the theme of autumn changes in inanimate nature is also the phenomenon of frost. In fact, they are small particles of dew, frozen in the form of snowflakes. They cover all surfaces with a thin uneven prickly layer. This indicates that in the atmosphere there were first frosts and a negative temperature.

Winds and clouds

In the autumn, the cold front of the atmosphere brings with it colder air masses. The winds react to this and change their direction, intensify, bringing bad weather and precipitation. This time of year sometimes becomes slushy and prolonged, causing autumn changes in nature.

In turn, the cumulus rain clouds bring in a huge amount of precipitation. If the temperature changes sufficiently sharply, then it is possible to feel strong winds in the beginning of autumn, to see and feel rains with snow, as a result of the appearance of a cold cyclone.

Ice drift and ice

At the end of November, it happens, the air temperature drops to negative values. The water surface of various reservoirs is constrained by the first crusts of ice. This often occurs in ponds and lakes, where there is almost no flow. Ice is not yet fully strengthened, so the wind and currents refer to it, forming the so-called autumn ice drift.

The ice covering the soil in the middle and late autumn is formed under light frost, which does not allow the rain to turn into snow. The earth has not cooled down enough to cover itself with a snow blanket, a harbinger of severe frosts.

Watching the autumn changes in nature, you can find out how the transition to the winter period of life, cold and snowy, is prepared. When everything around seems to freeze until the next spring and the onset of warm days.

Autumn changes in wildlife

• About the leaf fall in the trees and its significance for the life of plants we already mentioned at the beginning of the article. It should be emphasized that trees also refer to living nature, because they live and die, breathe and give offspring. In plants, autumn is a thorough preparation for the winter period, when all of them (living in natural conditions) fall into hibernation: life activity and the exchange of juices decreases many times.
• Insects with the onset of colds are hiding and fall into a hibernation. This is a protective reaction to lowering the temperature indexes. A lot of insects (for example, flies or beetles) creep into cozy cracks and at first sight seem dead. But this is not so. With the coming of spring they will come to life and again will fly.
• Cold-blooded animals "fall asleep" as a result of the fact that they can not maintain the temperature necessary for existence. Snakes, frogs, reptiles and amphibians - all fall into hibernation late in the autumn.
• At the very beginning of autumn, birds are preparing for flights to warmer regions. Then their departure begins. Wintering birds do not fly away and feed intensively in the autumn forests.
• Some mammals also fall into hibernation at the end of autumn-early winter. But this is due not to the onset of cold weather, but to the lack of a food base for them in winter. Such animals include: bear, badger, marmot, hedgehog, some rodents (ground squirrel, hamster, dormouse).
• Wintering mammals accumulate weight intensively, in order to use their own fat for heating and feeding in winter colds.

Thus, the animal world is preparing to approach the winter cold period, reacting differently to the autumnal changes in nature.