Bones of the hand: names and functions. What to do if the bones of the hand ache

The hands of a person are not as strong as their legs, but they perform a variety of manipulations that help in researching and understanding the world around them.

Bones of hands

They are the most maneuverable in the human body. This is promoted by the shoulder girdle and the sleight of fingers. So, let's take a closer look at the bones of the skeleton of the hand.

Brachial bone. In the upper part it is spherical, which corresponds to a small cavity of the scapula. Due to the slight indentation and loose connective ligaments, the arms are more mobile than the legs. Shoulder bones of the arm are located in the upper part of the arm.

The lower part of the upper limb consists of two bones: radial and ulnar. The latter with the hinge joint is connected with the humerus, and the first - has the ability to rotate around the second. This is due to the bending of the arm and its lower muscles.

The surface of bones has its own characteristics. This is clearly seen on the humerus, where the internal bulge of the muscle is formed with the help of its head. With a bent arm on the elbow appears three tubercles. By their arrangement they are due to the end of the humerus and the beginning of the ulna, the rounded head of which is clearly visible on the wrist.

Radial bones of hands. Structure

They are located in the region of the forearm and are endowed with two divisions: distal and proximal. Radial bones of the hand develop due to ossification points, which, in turn, arise in the process of development of the human body. This happens in the second, fifth-sixth, eighth-eleventh, ninth-tenth years of life.

As the bone fragments mature, the human body becomes larger. To determine whether this area develops normally or if there is a pathology becomes more difficult. At the age of twenty, a synostosis sets in. If for some reason the bone core does not connect with a part of the bone on the elbow, there is a high probability of the appearance of a non-permanent bone.

The structure of the hand

Its skeleton consists of the wrist, metacarpus and fingers.

• The wrist is represented in the human body by 8 short spongy bones located in two rows: the upper (proximal) and the lower (distal). Accordingly, in the first one there are: pea-shaped, trihedral, semilunar and navicular bones. In the second: hook-shaped, capitate, trapezoidal and polygonal. The surface of each arm bone has articular areas. With their help there is an articulation with bones in the neighborhood.

• The pastern is represented by 5 short tubular bones, each of which has a base, a trihedral body with thickened ends and a head. Due to this structure, metacarpal bones, when connected to each other, have interosseous septa, and on the palm side they are convex, and on the back side - concave.
• A person has five fingers: a large, index, middle, nameless and little finger. Phalanges are short bones in the form of tubules. Each finger, except the first, has three phalanges: proximal, middle and distal. The thumb has only two of them: the longest - the proximal and the shortest - the distal one. Each phalanx is endowed with a base, body and head. The bones of the hand are provided with nutrient apertures, through which the vessels pass with the substances necessary for bones and fibers of nerves.

Why there is pain in the hands?

Most often, the arm's bones ache in fractures, sprains and ligament ruptures. In addition to mechanical damage, the cause of pain can be:

• Overexertion of muscles due to excessive physical exertion.
• Uncomfortable position of the hand or monotonous movements, which makes a person brush for a long time.

If these causes cause pain in the hands, you need to reduce the load on them, or do not move them for a while. But, we must not forget that such pains are sometimes a sign of some disease of bones, muscles or nerves. Therefore, if they do not pass for a long time, you should consult a doctor.

Sometimes even in a state of rest, without any loads of pain in the joints of the hands do not pass. It can be assumed that this is an inflammation or, worse, arthritis. Here the help of a specialist does not hurt.

Very often people get domestic trauma. The lion's share of blows falls on the hands. A person can not immediately realize that he has a fracture, and he writes off strong pains for a bruise. This is because in some cases with a fracture of the hand bone, the symptoms are not clearly traced.

Sometimes pain can give to the upper limb. If the bones of the left arm hurt, you can assume a heart attack or myocardial infarction, which is accompanied by:

• Pain behind the sternum.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Paling, nausea.
• The appearance of cold sweat.
• Inexplicable anxiety.

In this case, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Wrist. Fracture with displacement

Signs of such a fracture of the bones of the wrist are pain and swelling. An accurate diagnosis can be made using radiography. But, fracture of the arm bone with displacement in this area is extremely rare. Forecasts for healing of this fracture are unfavorable, since intraosseous vessels that serve as a source of nutrition are damaged . In this case, a false joint can form , and a disease such as necrosis of the bone can develop. Usually it is surgically removed.

Fractures, as a result of which the metacarpal bones suffer, arise from direct violence to this part of the arm. Such damage is characterized by swelling, changes in bone shape, soreness, impaired motor ability. The metacarpal bones of the hand in the case of a fracture with displacement are first manually adjusted. Then a langette is applied from the back of the forearm and a brush: from the elbow joint to the phalanges of the fingers in the area of their articulation. From the side of the palm fixes its position an arc-shaped wire tire.

The phalanx of the fingers is usually injured in the home or in the workplace. Fractures are often open. If they are offset, it is not difficult to establish a diagnosis. Treatment begins with surgical treatment of the wound. Then the bones are put into place and a tire is placed, which can be removed after three weeks. Full working capacity is possible after a month - one and a half.

Regardless of which bones of the hand have undergone a fracture, it is necessary to conduct therapeutic physical training from the first days of injury . At the stage of aftercare, physiotherapy and massage are good.

Radius. Fracture

This type of injury involves a complete or partial violation of the structure of bone tissue. When the arm radials are fractured, the cause should be sought in excessive loads that end up on the injured area. With a fracture with displacement there is a direct effect of force on the radius. This usually occurs when you fall on an elongated arm, when the bone fragments are shifted, depending on its location in a particular position at the time of the fall.

First aid

In the case of any shoulder fracture, it is necessary for the injured person to inject anesthetic. To do this, a 1% solution of "Promedol" is suitable, one milliliter is enough. After this, the tire should be applied, only correctly.

The victim's hand should be taken to the side and bent at the elbow at an angle of ninety degrees. Next, put a cotton ball or bandage in the brush, fingers should not be stretched. In the area of the armpit, place the roller from the tissue. For its consolidation, the bandage is passed through a healthy shoulder. In the absence of special means, you can use improvised materials, for example, planks. Transport the victim only in the sitting position.

If the injury is an open fracture, it will be accompanied by bleeding. To stop it, you should put a tight bandage on the place of damage. If the blood does not stop, a tourniquet is applied.

Causes of pain in the bones

Many people suffer from the bones of the hands or feet in bad weather, after heavy physical exertion or just for no reason. Why, we will try to understand.

• Very often, the bones of the hands and feet of old people are sore. The matter is that the elderly person undergoes senile degenerative changes in the osteoarticular system. With age, the bones become thinner, they begin to lose collagen, calcium and many other minerals. As a result of all these changes, they become weaker and more fragile.
• People with a fat complexion often experience pain in the bones of the legs. They are provoked by excessive load. In this case, they can be treated as many as you like, but this does not help until a person normalizes their weight.

• People, daily experiencing great physical exertion, suffer from pain in the bones of the hands and feet. This is due to the fact that the metabolism is disrupted and the nutrients of the bone tissue are being intensively spent. The pains are connected, first of all, with the deficit of some substances necessary for feeding the bone tissue.
• The cause of pain in the bones of the hands and feet can be bruises, fractures, tumors, autoimmune and infectious diseases, allergies, leukemia others.

Preventing injury prevention

You can prevent fractures if you follow the following rules:

• If possible, walk in places with good lighting.
• When choosing shoes, pay attention to the sole: it is better if it is with carved incisions.
• To strengthen bones to eat food with calcium content.
• During the winter season, avoid the slippery paths.
• Strengthen the muscles and skeleton of the hands and feet with feasible loads.
• Try to adhere to an active and healthy lifestyle.