Arab country Jordan - Jordanian kingdom: description

The Jordanian Kingdom (the Arab country of Jordan) is the state of the Middle East. It was founded relatively recently in 1946. Officially, the name of the state sounds like the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Here is a new wonder of the world - Petra (ancient city). There are only seven such objects around the world. These include famous architectural structures.

a brief description of

Jordan (the country of Jordan) was lost in the east among deserts, which occupy more than 90% of the entire territory of the state. It borders on the northern side with Syria, from the north-east - with Iraq, from the west - with Palestine, and from the south and east - with Saudi Arabia. In the west the country is washed by the Dead Sea, in the south-west by the Red Sea. The border between Jordan and Israel is r. Jordan. The area of the state is only 92.3 thousand square meters. Km, the capital - Amman. On occupied territory is on 110 place in the world.

Let's take a look at the story

Thanks to archaeological excavations it was found out that the first people lived on the territory of Jordan (in the Jordan Valley) 250 thousand years ago. They were Neanderthals and ancient Homo sapiens. This is evidenced by the remains and tools found. In the ancient period, the territory belonged first to the Greeks, and then to the Roman Empire. At this time, the first cities began to be built - Amman, Pela, Dion, Jarash. In the Middle Ages, Jordan (the country of Jordan) was part of the Arab Caliphate. During this period Islam was planted here. From 1517 to 1918 years. She belonged to the Ottoman Empire, and at the beginning of the 20th century she moved to the UK. Independence of Jordan was received only in 1946.

Climatic features and relief

Most of the territory lies within the boundaries of a desert plateau with average heights of 800-1000 m. There are low hills and mountains. The highest point that Jordan has (the country of Jordan) is Umm ed Dami (1,854 m). On the local territory there is a unique geographical object - the lowest land area on the planet - the Dead Sea (-465m).

Jordan is a country with a hot and arid climate. The desert has a great influence on its formation. Precipitation is only 200 mm / g. Only in the western part of the country, because of the proximity to the Mediterranean, a more humid climate and a rainfall in the fall.

Population

The population density is 68 people per 1 km ² . About 9 million people live in Jordan. For many Palestinian refugees, the Arab country of Jordan became the home. The population allows Jordan to occupy 106 place in the world.

The overwhelming majority (95%) are Arabs. Also in the country there live Circassians, Armenians, Kurds, Chechens. By religious affiliation, the majority of inhabitants are Muslims (more than 90%), 6% are Christians (Orthodox, Catholics, Protestant societies). The rest belongs to religious minorities - Ismailis, Bahá'ís. There are practically no atheists in the country.

Language and controls

The official language of Jordan is Arabic. It conducts office work, documentation, publishes newspapers, speaks on television and on radio. However, a long period in the British Kingdom also made its mark - the country also spreads the English language, which is studied in schools.

Jordan (Jordan country) is a kingdom where the dualistic monarchy is the form of government . The head of state is the king. He belongs to the executive branch, and the legislative is limited to the parliament. Currently, King of Jordan is Abdullah II, heir of the dynasty Khamishit - direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. He is also the commander-in-chief.

Administrative division and transport

According to the administrative-territorial division, Jordan is divided into 12 regions (governorates). At the head of each region is the governor, who is appointed by the king. Areas, in turn, are divided into districts. In total there are 52 in Jordan.

Transport in the country is developed. Not far from the capital is a large airport, a railway line runs through the territory, and buses run between cities and between them.

Economy

During its existence, Jordan has experienced many economic crises. In the late 90's, with the advent of the new king, the country embarked on a course of carrying out various reforms in all spheres of life. Despite the fact that it belongs to the region of the Middle East, there are no oil and gas reserves. The economic situation is also aggravated by the inability to develop agriculture because of the lack of fertile land. Of the minerals in the kingdom there are a large number of deposits of phosphate, marble, limestone, dolomite and salt.

Tourism in the country is developing, but at a slow pace. Travelers are repelled by the reputation of a politically unstable region - this is how the media presents the situation in Jordan. The Arab country of Jordan, whose attractions are known all over the world, is an interesting direction for Russians. The Dead Sea, the ancient city of Petra, Sik Canyon, the place of Christ's baptism, the temples of Zeus and Artemis are most often visited by tourists.