Adenoid type of face: description, photo, reasons. Is it possible to correct an adenoid face in a child?

Adenoids suffer for the most part children under 10 years old. In adults, they are rare. Inflamed tonsils can provoke a number of complications, among which the most serious is the adenoid type of face.

Provoking factors of adenoid development

Adenoids are provoked:

• ARVI;
• Supercooling;
• Reduced immunity;
• Measles;
• Whooping cough;
• Scarlatina.

The risk factors for the development of a condition such as adenoid vegetation include:

• Infections of a chronic nature;
• Improperly balanced nutrition;
• A monotonous diet with a high level of carbohydrate intake and a lack of vitamins;
• Poor ecology in the region in which a person lives;
• Bad habits weaken the body's immune system and make it vulnerable;
• Propensity to allergic reactions, which leads to inflammation of the adenoids.

Consequences of pathological proliferation of adenoids

Pathological proliferation of adenoids leads to the formation of complications in the child's body, which are both acute and chronic.

Adenoid overgrowth prevents the full flow of air through the nose, which leads to a series of complications.

Among them, it should be noted:

• Rhinitis, provoked by stagnant processes in the maxillary sinuses. Chronic form of rhinitis often contributes to inflammation of the ear.
• An incorrect bite in the child is formed due to breathing through the mouth. When you inhale, the child presses the tongue against the sky, as a result of which it is high. This position of the sky changes not only the bite, but also the shape of the skull.
• There is a deformation of the teeth, which is also provoked by mouth breathing. Teeth are also deformed. Fangs are placed too high, and the front teeth in the upper jaw protrude forward . Adenoid type of face is a sign of occlusion of the teeth of the lower jaw.
• The lower jaw becomes broad, takes the form of a wedge. The skull is deformed due to the high location of the sky.
• On a background of a chronic rhinitis there is a nasal. The child constantly talks in the nose, does not utter certain sounds.
• There are neurological disorders. Significantly reduced memory and attention, which is provoked by a chronic impairment of blood circulation in the brain. This causes the appearance of migraines, irritability, apathy and increased fatigue. Such children are notoriously poor at school, they find it difficult to memorize educational material.
• In case of a long-term disease, a chest can deform as a result of insufficient volume of inspiration. For example, there is such a pathology of the structure of the skeleton, as "chicken breast."
• Reduced protective function of the tonsils causes a weakened immune system. Viruses often enter the respiratory system, which provokes the development of laryngitis, tracheitis, tonsillitis and bronchitis.

All of the above signs are a clear indication of the importance of timely treatment of adenoids. The complicated form of this ailment can cause the appearance of many pathologies, to which include the adenoid face. This pathology with untimely treatment can cause various complications.

What is an adenoid face?

How can the face and skull deform in adenoids?

Adenoid type of face is a pathological facial expression, which is formed due to the presence of adenoid vegetation.

With an adenoid face, there are a number of basic signs that can be considered:

• Finding the mouth in a semi-open position;
• Presence of an incorrect occlusion;
• The presence of a mandible in the form of a wedge;
• Facial expression, devoid of emotion;
• Dejected facial expression;
• Presence of nasal.

Where is the nasopharyngeal tonsil?

This amygdala is located on the border of the upper and lower nasopharyngeal walls. Its basis is the tissue, penetrated by the smallest grid, consisting of lymphatic and blood vessels.

Functionality of the nasopharyngeal tonsil lies in the development and maintenance of immunity at the optimal level. It also acts as a protective mechanism. When air is inhaled, all viruses, microphages, toxins are in the oral cavity, then their penetration into the cellular membrane of the amygdala occurs, where they meet with the cells of the immune system and antibodies. Their functionality lies in the rapid disinfection and removal of processed products.

Causes of pathology

The main reason for the appearance of a condition such as adenoid vegetation is the long-term occurrence of inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx. The inflammatory process becomes the main provoker of an increase in the size of the nasopharyngeal tonsil.

Adenoid face in the child

The causes of this pathology are different. Adenoid type of face is more common in children from disadvantaged families, in which the baby's health is not paid due attention.

What causes the development of the adenoid face in the child, say any laryngologist. The basis of the disease becomes hypertrophy of the tonsil tissue located in the nasopharynx. It develops against the backdrop of a chronic inflammatory process in the mouth, throat and nose.

From this we can conclude that the risk of violation of the face and skull is high in those kids who often suffer from cold and infectious diseases.

The critical weakening of the immune system caused by malnutrition, the addition of secondary manifestations of rickets in childhood are all provoking factors.

The delay in the development of the mental and mental sphere can be a starting point, and not a consequence of the adenoid type of face. This is because children with mental retardation often keep their jaw in a slightly open state. As a result, a stable habit is developed.

Is pathology subject to conservative treatment?

Can an adenoid face in a child be corrected by conservative treatment? Rather, the answer is no. In this case, much depends on the age of the child and the degree of completeness of the formation of cranial bones. If it is not finished, then you can try to correct the shape of the face through a specially designed complex of gymnastic exercises.

It should be noted that before the elimination of such a pathological condition as an adenoid face, complex therapy is conducted aimed at curing the nasopharyngeal tonsil. If necessary, surgical intervention is indicated. Also, the curvature of the septum of the nose should be avoided .

In the late stages of the development of the disease, one can resort to the help of a specialist in the field of facial surgery. But also it is necessary to constantly work with the child to develop a habit of breathing through the nose, not the mouth, and to teach to keep the mouth closed.

As the adenoid face looks like, the photos are presented in this article. Immediately one can note the brightest signs:

• Mouth in a slightly open position;
• Presence of a puffy face;
• Obvious inhibition in appearance;
• Smoothed folds of nasolabial area;
• Due to the constant implementation of breathing by the mouth, the bones of the face and jaw are deformed;
• Upper jaw narrowed;
• The face acquires an elongated shape;
• Bite is deformed;
• The upper lip becomes shortened;
• The incisors from above are always visible;
• The skin of the lips becomes dry;
• The thorax is deformed;
• Teeth can deform at the top, acquiring a twisted form around the axis.
• Also, secondary complications such as hearing loss and blocking of the Eustachian tube with compressed amygdala tissues near the nasopharynx can be traced;
• There is a strong snoring at night, which often degenerates into apnea.

Approximately half a child with a diagnosis of "adenoid face", a photo of which is presented below, noted a delay in mental and mental development, the pathology of the respiratory system, insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues of the brain.

At what age are adenoid vegetations more common in children?

Adenoid face in the child is noted at the age of 3 to 5 years, because it is during this period that the tonsils of the nasopharynx reach their maximum development.

In what case do parents seek help from a doctor?

Usually the parents of the laryngologist come to see a laryngologist who noticed the following symptoms in their children:

• Presence of shortness of breath through the nose;
• Rhinitis in chronic form;
• Breathing by mouth during periods of sleep and wakefulness;
• Presence of snoring at night;
• ear infection;
• Puffiness of face;
• Hearing impairment;
• Cough at night;
• Frequent colds;
• ARVI.

Such pathology as the adenoid face, the signs of which are listed above, is provoked by the proliferation of adenoids. In children, a gradual change in the structure of the facial bones is noted. As a result of this pathology, the adenoid face is formed in the child.

The main stages of pathology development

Medicine knows three main stages of the development of such a pathological condition as the adenoid face.

• At the first stage the nasopharyngeal tonsil grows not too intensively. Already at this stage, there are violations in the respiratory system. In connection with the active effect of pathogenic viruses, the amygdala tissue begins to become denser, its puffiness appears. Every day it takes up more and more space in the nasopharynx. As a result of a lack of oxygen supply, the child becomes apathetic and nervous. Thus, in the first stage of the disease, the child mostly breathes freely, but during the day breathes something with his nose or with his mouth.
• At the second stage the child practically does not breathe through the nose, more often for consumption of oxygen uses the mouth. As a result, the mucosa of the oral cavity is susceptible to negative bacteria, resulting in bronchitis or laryngitis. At this stage, snoring is noted at night. Parents are much easier to suspect hypertrophy of the amygdala. Moreover, this stage is inherent in the development of signs of the adenoid face.
• At the third stage, colds make the child more and more worried. There is a chronic rhinitis with a copious discharge of pus. Oxygen is consumed only through the mouth. Snoring at night is more intense. Also there is a night cough, purulent inflammation of the ear develops, the level of hearing decreases. At the third stage, almost all the signs of the adenoid face are noted.

The main methods of therapy and correction

The choice of a course of therapy for the removal of adenoids and adenoid face depends on the stage at which this disease resides.

Before you begin to correct a deformed person, you need to eliminate the indirect cause of inflammation of the amygdala in the nasopharyngeal system. When you stop the disease, you can stop the process of deformation of the face.

Methods of conservative therapy

Many are interested in, adenoid type of face, how to fix better, conservatively or operatively?

Doctors say that conservative therapy is highly effective in the first and second stages of adenoids.

Conservative therapy should include:

• Preparations against bacteria, which in the shortest time fight with infection of the respiratory system.
• Medications that promote vasoconstriction. They refer to symptomatic drugs that do not have an effect on the underlying disease. The remedies help to eliminate the stuffiness of the nose and to alleviate the general condition of the child for some time.
• Immune stimulants that fight with colds that have occurred against the background of impaired immunity.

Treatment by surgery

Adenoids are removed by surgery if the disease is in the first or second stage.

There are the following types of operation:

• The classic way. When it is subject to removal of the amygdala. This applies local or general anesthesia Beckmann. This operation lasts no more than half an hour.
• Endoscopic type of operation. The enlarged adenoids are removed by general anesthesia with an endoscope, which is inserted into the oral cavity. This method has a greater degree of efficiency than the first method. Restoration of the child after the operation takes place per day.
• The laser method. With its help, adenoids vegetation without cuts is destroyed. Tissues of the tonsils are evaporated.

Existing contraindications for surgery

Contraindications include:

• An inflammatory process that is in an acute condition;
• Violations of blood rheology.

Many doctors point to the fact that a conservative way of treatment can help cure the disease only at the initial stages of its development.

As for the conservative way of treatment to eliminate the adenoid face, much depends on the age of the child and the degree of the disease. The transition from one stage to the next causes a rapid deformation of the bones of the skull.

At the initial stages and at an earlier age, the complex of gymnastic exercises that are aimed at developing the musculature of the face and special therapeutic gymnastics for the face can correct the adenoid face.

In this regard, it can be stated that the existing deformation of the person in the later stages can be eliminated only through surgical intervention. In adult patients, correction of the adenoid face is possible only with the use of plastic surgery.

Conclusion

Adenoid type of face - a complex pathology, provoked by untreated adenoids. The enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsil disrupts breathing, resulting in a deformed palatine part of the mouth, facial muscles, teeth and skull bones. Adenoid type of face in adults is much less common than in children.