A five-point rating system is the criteria. Grades at school

During the Soviet era, a five-point system for assessing students' knowledge was developed. Criteria for it were clearly stipulated in a special provision, brought to the attention of students, parents and, of course, teachers. And at the present stage of the development of the educational system of Russia, there was a need for its modernization. Let's take a closer look at this system.

Features of modern assessment system

The teacher's task is to develop the desire for schoolchildren to self-education, creating the need for students to acquire knowledge and acquire skills in thinking activity. But to assess such a student's activity 5-point system is not enough. Therefore, the problem of finding new evaluation criteria at the present time is especially urgent.

There are several reasons for this:

1. First of all, the five-point rating system is not suitable for determining the level of general cultural skills and special knowledge. And without them, a full-fledged adaptation of school graduates to the realities of society is impossible.
2. In addition, there is an active development of information systems, the possibility of individual growth in the mastering of which is also difficult to assess in 5 points.

Requirements for the graduate

From the walls of general education institutions should emerge real creators, able to take responsibility, able to solve practical and theoretical problems of varying degrees of complexity. And the classical five-point system in the school is outdated for a long time, since it does not combine with the requirements of the new federal standards that are introduced at the primary and secondary levels of schooling.

What determines the effectiveness of training

Every pedagogical system has a goal - the effectiveness of the educational process. At the same time, the assessment of the degree of training presupposes the establishment of the quality of the skills and abilities obtained by the students.

Assessment criteria for scores in Russian schools imply some differences depending on the age of the students, and represent a quantitative scale of one to five. Theoretically, the school uses a five-point system, and in fact it is a three-point system, since the marks "one" and "unsatisfactory" are practically not exhibited, since they mean the same thing - the student did not learn the material.

At the moment, there are serious contradictions between the requirements that the Ministry makes to education for schools, and the assessment system. Thus, the GEF pays special attention to the development of the individuality of each student, the formation of a critically thinking, free, creative person who is able to develop their abilities on their own. But, as already mentioned, these qualities are not able to certify a five-point assessment system. Its criteria were created for a traditional school, where the most important aspect was the acquisition of knowledge. They do not contain an assessment of creative activity, individual growth, self-education.

Evaluation in Russian schools

Many educational institutions continue to use a grading system based on four points. In addition to the marks "excellent" (mark 5), "good" (score 4), "satisfactory" (3), "unsatisfactory" (2), there is also a score of "one" (1), although teachers hardly use it . We will try to find out what requirements are developed for each of these scores, exposed in an electronic school journal.

The teacher uses a five-point grading system. Its criteria are associated with several positions, so that each score is an integrated indicator that includes:

• The level of knowledge of the student, assessed by a certain standard;
• Comparison of his achievements with respect to the general level of the class;
• Comparison of achievements of the schoolboy for the previous period, on the basis of which the mark is placed.

Unfortunately, such parameters are not always reflected. For example, if the quality of the performed math tasks is analyzed, the main criterion for setting the mark will be the comparison of work with the standard. But there are also works for which the most important factor in setting the mark will be the quality of the students' arguments and facts set forth by the students.

Many teachers "thin out" a part of "twos" with "fives", so that by the end of the quarter they will get an acceptable result, which is set as the average of the current ones. Assessment, as a rule, is very subjective, depending on the attitude of the teacher to the student.

The history of the evaluation system

What is a five-point rating system? When did the idea arise to determine these levels of knowledge? The diligence of students in Russia was denoted by figures back in the 19th century. Then in gymnasiums teachers put marks from 0 to 5:

• Zero testified that the child did not cope with his duties. If he received two zeros for one academic discipline, he was threatened with corporal punishment.
• A unit and a deuce was placed in those cases, if the lesson was prepared carelessly.
• The troika was exposed for mediocre attitude to study.
• Four received a schoolboy who had completed the assignment well.
• Five were placed only with an ideal demonstration of the necessary knowledge.

This was then a five-point assessment system. Criteria from that time practically did not change, only the first two marks were lost. In tsarist Russia, the teacher assessed only the performance of the lesson assigned to the house. He did not take into account the pupil's absent-mindedness in the process of the occupation, his ability, age, diligence. Unsatisfactory marks often became an instrument of suppression of individuality, an aggravation of anxiety and fear in students.

Evaluation in European countries

In general, a system of assessing knowledge scores in the XVI-XVII centuries in the Jesuit schools. She assumed a rather humane goal - to replace corporal punishment.

A three-point scale appeared in Germany. With its help, all students were divided into three categories. The best was given a high rank, and they had a lot of privileges. Gradually, those students who were ranked as middle class were divided into sub-groups, thanks to which a multi-level scale was formed, which has long been used to assess the knowledge and skills of schoolchildren.

Many countries use their own system of school assessments, but there are also international standards. Thus, IB Diploma and IB MYP program use a scale of marks from one to seven, and they can be only integers. In Moldova, Georgia, Belarus, a ten-point assessment system is applied, and in Ukraine, 12 points are awarded for excellent studies.

Evaluation in Russian education

In the Kiev Theological Academy in the XVIII century, the highest score sounded like "a reliable, kind, honorable, honest teaching". Average successes were noted as "a dimensional teaching, nehudo, mediocre". And careless training was described as "mean, hopeless, weak, lazy".

In 1937, the official system of marks established by the Ministry of Education appeared: for weak successes - 1 point, for mediocre results -2, for sufficient achievements - 3, for good indicators - 4, and for excellent diligence and training - 5 points.

Modern estimation

Gradually new Russian educational standards are introduced in Russian schools. They assume an independent verification of the knowledge of graduates of primary, primary, and senior school. So, after the end of the ninth grade, the guys are waiting for the state final attestation. Until 2016, schoolchildren took only two compulsory exams to obtain a document on incomplete secondary education, and from this year they will be tested in four disciplines, of which Russian and mathematics are compulsory subjects, and the remaining two can be chosen at will.

In the 11th grade it is proposed to take the test in a test form. Special criteria were developed for the evaluation of the USE, and they differ significantly for different academic disciplines. The primary result is multiplied by a certain coefficient, which depends on the level of difficulty of the tasks performed by the student. Then the points are transferred to the five-point system according to the special tables presented on the official site of the unified state examination.

Evaluation system in Russian universities

When entering the secondary or higher educational institution of the Russian Federation among applicants, a contest of certificates is held. It is interesting that the evaluation of contestants on a five-point system is performed at the same time. The higher the total score, the more the candidate has a chance for budgetary training.

Ten-point system

Arguing about profile training, teachers note the relevance of the introduction of a ten-point assessment of knowledge. So, for example, the "troika" with a traditional grading scale is exposed to a student who makes a lot of mistakes. The teacher "pities" the child who tried, but could not successfully cope with the task, carefully deducing him "3" in the school magazine. The same "satisfactory" mark gets a truant and a quitter, so as not to spoil the overall picture of school performance. There is no question of justice, as you can see.

Ten-point marking system allows to solve a similar problem, making marks more fair and high-grade. In addition, it is much clearer for students, their parents and teachers themselves. When implementing the 10-point system in Russian schools, as has already been done in many countries of the near and far abroad, teachers will be able to assess not only the knowledge of their pupils, but also take into account their self-development. The children will have an incentive to achieve higher results in the design and training and research activities. And the teacher, in turn, will be able to use different forms of control, which will increase the objectivity of the evaluation.

In addition, the creative search of the teacher himself will be initiated, and conditions will be created for a differentiated approach to the formation of value-normative guidelines for students. When applying this approach, it is possible to align the assessment and control activity with the direction of the updated education .

Conclusion

Let us repeat that the five-point assessment system, the criteria of which were developed in the Soviet era, has lost its relevance and is recognized by the leading teachers as insolvent, unsuitable for new educational standards. It is necessary to modernize it, use new criteria for analyzing the personal growth of schoolchildren and their academic achievements.

Only if the graduation scale is brought into line with the basic pedagogical principles can we talk about the individuality of each child. Among the priorities that should be taken into account when modernizing the evaluation system, let's emphasize the use of a multi-level gradation of grades, so that the school achievements of the students will be adequately assessed.

Many countries have already rejected the five-point rating system, recognizing such a variant as insolvent for the modern education system. At the present time, the question of its change in Russia is being decided. So, according to the GEF in primary school, traditional scores have already been removed so that the children can develop, improve, without experiencing psychological discomfort.