Psychological and pedagogical support is ... Individual support: definition and features

What is psychological and pedagogical support? What are its features? This issue is topical, and therefore deserves a detailed study.

The essence and specificity

Under the influence of various unfavorable conditions, children now have problems with development, there are various deviations in physical and mental development, there are serious violations in behavior.

The social situation has a negative impact on educational institutions. A new task is set before the schools - a humanistic approach to the educational and educational process, the construction of innovative forms of education.

In the process of implementing such principles, in practice, there is a serious disproportion in the emotional and cognitive development of the child. Contradictions caused serious problems with the education of children, there was a school disadaptation.

Solution

To eliminate it, the joint activity of many specialists is needed, the application of a complex of social, medical, and psychological methods. A full-fledged psychological and pedagogical support allows eliminating the identified problems, timely providing the children with the necessary support.

The history of the creation of domestic comprehensive methods

In our country, the social accompaniment of the child appeared only at the end of the last century. The term "escort" was first introduced in 1993 by T. Cherednikova. Psychological support in an integrated aspect was considered by many Russian scientists and educators, including LM. Shipitsyn, I.S. Yakimanskaya.

Signs of anxiety and ways to eliminate them were studied by AI. Zakharov, Z. Freud. Over a long period of time, psychologists have identified the true causes of this phenomenon, tried to find effective ways to solve the problem. Complex support is a set of diagnostics of development and correction-development programs aimed at eliminating identified problems.

Early support

In order to fully implement humanistic education in practice, in the Russian pedagogy began to pay special attention to such an issue as earlier individual accompaniment of children. It is aimed at the timely detection of children at risk, gifted children, the selection of each trajectory of development for each student.

At the end of the last century, the first Russian conference of school psychologists was held, within the framework of which effective methods of helping special children were analyzed. This complex psychological support was inextricably linked with the modernization of the educational system, the transition to the principles of children's self-development.

Thanks to psychological and medical pedagogical centers, special support services, children and parents received comprehensive assistance. The problem child became an object for the work of physicians, teachers, psychologists.

Modern realities

At present, comprehensive support is a systematic work of several specialists aimed at eliminating problems in the behavior of an individual student. Excellent comprehensive systems of psychological and pedagogical support have been formed in many regions of the country, databases have been created, thanks to which special children are tracked when they move from one place of residence to another region of the Russian Federation.

Performance

Considering that social support is a system, the results of work are analyzed both in the education system, in medical institutions, and in the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The results of statistical studies show that after the system of measures for the prevention of offenses was created , the number of repetition cases decreased significantly, the number of offenses was reduced, and much less children began to show deviant behavior.

Purpose of escort

Pedagogical support of children is aimed at creating such social and pedagogical conditions in which any schoolboy would have the opportunity to become an active participant in all events taking place in the school. The child gets the opportunity to have his own inner world, develop it, build relationships with other children.

If the social support is built taking into account the age characteristics of the child, an educational and educational environment is formed that will contribute to the successful study, the harmonious development of a "difficult" schoolboy.

Principles of support

The main value is attached to the personal choice of the child, the possibility of his self-determination in different life situations.

Thanks to the application of innovative pedagogical technologies, the activity of schoolchildren is accompanied in close connection with the parent, teacher, and medical workers.

The essence of the work is to transfer the child's key to his communication, activity, psychological secrets. The child has the skills to set himself a certain goal, planning the way to achieve it, a system of values, the ability to conduct an analysis of his work.

The adult person helps the child to choose a subjective, responsible position in relation to those events that surround him.

Activities

Taking into account that escort is an important and responsible process, it is impossible without choosing certain areas of activity. First of all, a reorientation, a psychological re-education of the child, a change in the existing skills to a positive mood is required.

For example, to do this, conduct training programs, special educational games, in which the child has the opportunity to work out theoretical knowledge.

Techniques of this kind are necessary for students to understand their own "I", their individual characteristics, as well as in acquiring skills of introspection, self-improvement.

Game technologies, in which children experience difficult situations, learn to get out of them, help them to plunge into real life. Students begin to see all the consequences of their actions, realize the incorrect behavior, rethink the value system. Understanding how serious the results of wrong actions can be, understanding the reality of the loss of loved ones helps rethink behavioral aspects.

Conclusion

Integrated support of schoolchildren is an important aspect of the modern educational system. Taking into account modern realities, children with serious deviations in behavior, mental development becomes more, they need an individual approach, professional assistance of specialists.

At present, new approaches are being developed to build a system of comprehensive methodological work of psychologists and educators. The essence of such activities is the transfer of techniques to students that will give them a real opportunity to successfully study, systematize the knowledge they have acquired, and rationally store them in their memory.

Personality-oriented approach IS. Yakimanskaya considers the development of a psychological and pedagogical system for the formation of a schoolchild's personality, as well as the compulsory registration of his personal and individual characteristics as priority needs.

This support position is based on the interests and needs of an individual child, takes into account the logic of its development.

The concept of psychological and mental health of children, proposed by I.V. Dubrovin, considers in the form of a separate subject of the work of a psychologist all the problems concerning the formation of a personality in a separate educational space.

It is the school that affects psychological health, makes a correction to the normal development of the child. Priority is given to the prevention of identified problems, including monitoring, correction of educational space.

Developmental training Elkonin is based on the need to design an environment in which the child not only could learn knowledge and skills, but also developed deep personal qualities and human abilities.

It is the school that primarily affects the psychological state of children, so recently such serious attention has been paid to the monitoring of educational institutions. Cooperation of children's psychologists with school teachers, parents, children allows to identify various problems in a timely manner, to find rational ways of their elimination and full-fledged prevention.