Yakobinskaya embroidery (crochet): technique, scheme, master class. Hand embroidery

Exotic animals and unseen plants are the main sign of modern Jacobin embroidery. The use of twisted woolen or linen threads in needlework and a variety of embroidery techniques make it unique and at the same time similar to other styles. Today for the needlewoman there are no restrictions in the choice of fabrics, threads and beads.

A bit of history

The art of Jacobin embroidery has its roots in England during the reign of King James, from where it takes its name. Still it is called the technique of crochet (in translation from English - "embroidery with wool"). These two terms are equally used by modern needlewomen.

However, it is worth to divide these concepts a little. In the technique of Crochet embroidery, only woolen twisted threads are used. The Jacobin style can use any material.

In the 17th century everything was embroidered with embroidery crewing, from sofa cushions to luxurious lavatories of noble masters. This occupation was considered noble, and the items were highly valued.

What was embroidered?

The main direction in this needlework was embroidery of flowers. Neither animals, nor birds, nor insects could give such freedom in the image. Any form, a variety of combinations of colors and shades, the creation of endless ornate patterns completely did not limit the imagination.

By the 18th century, Indian motifs began to predominate: peacocks appeared in spreading flower stems, and elephants and tigers in orchards. The forms of the petals also underwent changes: they became drop-shaped with a rounded base in the form of a comma, and the filling inside the contour filled with a variety of stitches.

Tips for beginners

Any work that requires close attention needs to be well lit. Therefore, do not neglect the quality of the lamp. The more its light is similar to the natural sun, the less tired the eyes will be.

The fabric should be evenly and tightly stretched on the embroidery frame: the longitudinal threads and ducks should not move into the diagonal. The most popular are the plastic hoop. On the inner side of the ring they have a protrusion, thanks to which the fabric does not lose its tension during operation. In between embroidery it is necessary to remove the fabric from the embroidery frame so that no creases form on the place of its attachment.

Important is the likelihood of tissue contamination. If the thread for embroidery does not shed, then the finished embroidery can also be washed. Otherwise, it is necessary to protect it from mashing. To do this, take a piece of cotton cloth and cut out of it a square 20 cm larger than the outer circumference of the embroidery frame. Then inside this square cut a circle 5 cm smaller than their inner diameter. A square with a circle cut inside will be obtained. This fabric is inserted into the embroidery frame over the embroidery and protects it from touching hands.

Putting talc on your hands is an effective way to combat the appearance of sebaceous stains on embroidery. Even if the hands are washed, the skin still gives off fat and can dirty the fabric.

Little tricks

Any work is fraught with nuances. So in manual embroidery there are techniques that are not described in any instruction or diagram:

• A multitude of fabrics after washing will shrink. It is better to wash the fabric before embroidering.
• Failed stitches should be corrected immediately. When most of the embroidery is ready - this can not be done.
• To make the threads stronger and not shaggy, the use of an air conditioner for thread of wax or silicone helps.
• It is more convenient not to thread a thread in a needle, but to put a needle on the thread on the needle.
• If it is inconvenient to use a thimble, you can drop a little of the superglue on the finger pad. Needle can not pierce a frozen drop, and after a few hours the drop falls off itself.
• Given that the wrong side of the embroidery is never shown, starting the stitches from the nodule is entirely acceptable.
• The knot formed on the thread is better to be unraveled with the help of two needles.
• The process of embroidery should bring pleasure and relaxation - he does not tolerate haste.
• Any work done by hand has flaws or shortcomings, but as you know, there is no limit to perfection.

Materials for hand embroidery

The variety of materials used is enormous. To choose a canvas or a thread for a beginner in the art of embroidery is quite difficult. It is worth considering the qualities and features of materials often used by professional craftsmen.

Fabrics

According to its texture, the fabric is selected, depending on the purpose of the future embroidered product:

1. Rogozha - loose and dense. Embroidery on such a fabric is rather complicated because of its large weaving. This canvas is suitable for upholstery of furniture and other household items (rollers, pillows).
2. Silk creates a beautiful background for embroidery. Its shortcomings in low strength and rapid loss of color. Products made from silk fabric should not be stored in the sun. Wash them should be in cold soapy water.
3. Cotton fabric for quilted articles. The most successful fabric for napkins, capes and scarves. Due to the medium density and tight weaving it is easy to make small stitches. Before embroidery it is necessary to wash in warm water for shrinkage.
4. Cotton muslin is an ideal fabric for lining. She perfectly holds stitches and practically does not shrink.
5. Linen cloth for household use. It is easy to embroider on it due to dense weaving, like cotton fabric. At home, it is used as bed linen, tablecloths and towels.

Threads

Since the Jacobin embroidery has no restrictions on the use of threads, the main requirements for them will be strength and color fastness.

1. Mulina is the most popular among embroiderers. They have a pleasant shine. Made of cotton. Usually they are sold with 8 meters of coils. For embroidering with these threads use needles No. 9 or No. 10.
2. Mouline of viscose give embroidery volume and relief. But it's rather difficult to work with them: the thread is twisted and strives to tie in a knot. For viscose mule, needles № 6 and № 7.
3. The filaments of the pearl are rather thick and strong. Have a characteristic pearl ebb. Melange colors are especially popular. They are convenient to fill the embroidery elements without changing the yarn for shades. Embroider a pearl with the help of a No. 26 needle or a tapestry needle No. 28.
4. Threads for a needle lace have a gentle shine. If you plan to use them in embroidery, then you should stock up on the air conditioner. These threads are used in weaving, which is based on air stitches, so they often twist into knots. These threads are weaving the lace with the help of a tapestry needle No. 28.
5. Metallized yarns are sold both in individual coils and in wreath with cotton floss. They are made of polyester yarn, but have a metallic luster, give the product volume. Very well combined with beads. However, they are easily torn. For them, use shenyl needles No. 20 and No. 22.

The quality of the beads can be determined by comparing several pieces from one package. Beads must be completely identical, with even holes.

Seams in Jacobin embroidery

Given the variety of styles used, it is worth considering the basic techniques that are more often used in the work.

Seam "back needle"

The easiest way to embroider is the stitch "back needle". The needle is inserted into the fabric after the thread and is displayed by the length of the next stitch in front of it. Since in the end the thread is left empty space, then it is refilled in the same way. It is very important to get a needle at the end of the previous stitch so that the line is perfectly even. This seam is performed in threads in one addition or in several. Used to highlight the outline of image elements.

Straight stitch

Straight stitch (or stitch "dash") - the most versatile in embroidery. Can be laid at any angle and be of any length. Performed by placing the needle on the thread and removing it at the beginning of the stitch, or next to it. Applicable in embroidering rounded or pointed elements. It is executed both horizontally and vertically and can serve as filling for individual parts of the embroidery. These stitches are also used in the embroidering method. They are located parallel to each other and very close. Each stitch starts from the center of the previous one.

Stitch "sewing stitch"

The sewing stitch is laid using two threads and two needles. Used for element outlines. It is quite simple: the first thread is laid along the necessary line, and the second thread sews it to the fabric. In the implementation of this seam, you can use beads by stringing it on the first thread or the second in places where both threads are intertwined on the front side. In this way, round beads are suitable.

Seam "single loop"

A single loop is suitable for embroidering flowers with small petals. The thread is displayed on the front side, the needle enters the fabric next to it, and a loop is created under the needle. The free end of the loop is fixed with a small stitch, which can be decorated with beads. If you make several fixing stitches at a distance from each other, the resulting loop will change shape: it will become wider or more angular. Such a seam can be performed not only in a circle, but also in a chain. Each subsequent link will start from the fixing stitch of the previous one.

Master class on Jacobin embroidery

On the example of embroidery such a simple fly, you can try some stitches and tricks.

To begin with, we prepare the fabric (it's best to take cotton or linen, since it's the easiest to embroider on them). Cut out the square. We wash the workpiece in warm water, dry it and iron it, so that there are no creases and irregularities on the fabric. Then we sweep the edges of the fabric with long and short stitches of gray color No. 644.

In this embroidery, only threads of DMC are used, but, for example, woolen threads can be used for the fly back - the element will look bulky.

Let's draw a diagram of the Jacobin embroidery on a piece of paper. For convenience, you can sign the color of each element.

When the picture on paper is ready, transfer it to the fabric.

Embroidery of individual elements

We embroider a back of a fly

We begin the embroidery from the top strip on the back. We use the lightest blue color № 927. We tighten the knot at the end of the thread and several times we pass it through the fabric. After a few stitches, the knot can be cut. We embroider with embroidery. Long stitches are wound 2 mm on the next strip of the back, so that the result is a color overlap.

Fill the entire strip, starting work from the middle. The strip widens along the edges. There we use shorter stitches.

The next strip is embroidered with white color No. 822. We start from the middle already embroidered first. Seams should grasp both the first strip on the back, and the third. In this way smooth transition from one shade to another is achieved. The stitches are as close as possible to each other.

Next, the stripes are embroidered with flowers No. 376 and No. 926. The fifth strip is again No. 927.

We embroider a frame

We use color No. 3782. We sew by sewing a stitch. The thread that goes to the base, we take in five additions, sewing - in two. This will give the frame a volume in comparison with the main picture. Mugs are embroidered smoothly.

Drawing background

The space between the fly and the frame can be filled with chaotically located stitches in different directions, about 1 cm in length. For this purpose, we use threads of color No. 644.

Seam for legs and tendrils of a fly

Use the color number 3031. The seam is pretty simple and looks like a spiral. Enter the needle into the fabric 3 mm in front of the last seam, and draw it at the end, pass the needle under the thread of the previous stitch and begin the next by the same principle. Do not forget to follow the path.

Air wickerwork

Visually divide the wing into five parts. We take thread No. 680. We begin work on the top of the wing near the fly head. Stretch the stitch in width from left to right. The needle is drawn 3 mm lower, then create 4-5 stitches with a stitch grip. We go from right to left. We return the needle to the cloth. The crossbar with loops on it turns out. We make one more stitch. Again we make loops, but we seize not only the seam, but also each loop from the previous stitch in turn.

The second part of the wing is embroidered with stitches of color No. 680, and the loops are made from threads No. 3828. To do this, take another needle. The loops are sewn to the fabric in the same places as the cross stitch.

The third part consists of threads No. 3828. The fourth is embroidered, making loops of color No. 422, and the crossbar from No. 3828. The fifth part will be only the color No. 422.

The contours of the wings are embroidered with the same seam as the feet using color No. 680.

There is a feeling that the embroidery on the fabric is voluminous.

Taurus and fly head

We embroider the head and body vertically. Color number 644 is used for both, and for the other.

We take the thread No. 3782 and through the center of the calf we make a cross with two stitches. We make several more parallel stitches at a distance of about 5 mm from each other all over the calf. We fix the intersections of the threads with small stitches to the fabric.

The fly is ready

In this example of the Jacobin embroidery, you can add a transparent round beads, embroidering the wings (attach it to the seam loops). This way will create a game of shades and a more smooth transition. On small stitches of crosshairs of threads on the corp is suitable round beads of white or beige color.

Where to get inspiration?

Starting embroidery seems like a pretty simple task. But for this occupation to bring pleasure and provide assiduity, it is worth starting with a simple but interesting scheme that would have liked at first sight. The world has published many books with lessons of Jacobin embroidery and various examples. You can draw creative inspiration from there.

Over time, experience in embroidery on the fabric of works on their own sketches will come.