What role does the short form of adjectives in the language

It is difficult to imagine Russian without the name of the adjective. Denoting the feature of the object, this part of speech makes human speech figurative and precise.

In total there are three categories of adjectives: qualitative, relative and possessive. Each of these groups has its own features and functions, on which we will not go into detail in this article. Let's talk in detail about such a grammatical attribute, as the form - full or short.

Brief forms of adjectives and their features

Actually, the presence of a "truncated" version is the "litmus test" that determines the type of the adjective. In possessive and relative this hypostasis is not present. In the form of a non-permanent morphological feature, it is present only in qualitative ones.

Today, a short form of adjectives, although it exists, is becoming less common every year.

Few people know that in the Proto-Slavonic language the adjectives did not have a complete Form, it was formed much later. Let us recall examples from oral folk art. Fairy tales, proverbs and sayings give us many such examples: "Mila is not white", "red girl", "good fellows", etc.

The short form of the adjectives may be close in lexical meaning to the full. They differ only in questions and endings. For example: children (what?) Are obedient (nfl), children (what?) Are obedient (kr.f.)

But the short form of adjectives sometimes differs from its full equivalent with a semantic tinge. So, the word "sick" points to the present, and the "sick" - to a more permanent sign. Sometimes the forms of the same word generally have a different interpretation.

Let's compare:

• Clear weather lasts for a week.
• The task became clear after talking with colleagues.

In the second case, we see an obvious metaphor that does not have a direct semantic parallel with the first word. Also, a short form of adjectives may indicate an excessive manifestation of the trait:

• Motley (colorful) parrot;
• Clothes of the pest (very bright, attracting attention).

Some words are generally used only in a brief form: "glad", "ready", "capable" and so on. This is due to the fact that these tokens have lost the semantic connection with their full counterparts.

Unlike adjectives in their full form, the brief often specifies a feature in connection with the circumstance of its manifestation:

• Short haircut (can be any person);
• Pants are short (specific person).

Syntactic role of short adjectives

In the sentence "truncated" the form appears only as a compound nominal predicate. If the full adjectives can be almost any member of the sentence, the short ones have only one role:

Oak is powerful (kr.f.- predicate)

Mighty (full f.-definition) oak stands under the window.

A short form of the adjective can carry a verbal binder, which most often indicates the time:

She was talkative. (Open hours)

The wall will be strong. (WB)

As we see, the role of short adjectives in the language is large enough. First, they can express both the lexical shades of the full form, and exist independently, denoting a separate concept. Secondly, the presence or possibility of the formation of this form indicates that we have a qualitative adjective. Thirdly, the syntactic role of such words is unambiguous - in the sentence they perform the function of the predicate.