What makes up the old-age pension: the features and rules of charging

More and more often, citizens in Russia are thinking about what the pension is about. This is an important question, which is recommended to take care in youth. The pension system in the Russian Federation is constantly changing. Over the past few years, many theories and systems have been put forward concerning the provision of pensions to the population. Some of them have already entered into force, some are at the stage of consideration. Nevertheless, it is important to determine the components of a pension. What does it consist of? What happens? How much does an average citizen have in this or that case? All this will be discussed later.

Pensions are ...

A pension is a monthly monetary payment that is made to specific citizens. Most often, it is assigned to persons who have reached retirement age. So far, in Russia, men go on deserved rest in 60 years, women - in 55. But some pensions are paid earlier.

In the Russian Federation there is a huge number of payments of this type. For example, the following pensions are distinguished:

• Social;
• Labor;
• On loss of the supporter;
• On disability.

At the same time, a citizen has the right to receive only one type of material support from the state. Therefore, many try to understand what makes up a pension. In this case, it will be possible to choose the most favorable type of payment for a person.

Payments

As already mentioned, most people who live in the Russian Federation are interested in the subject. In the country there are only 3 basic types of payments. These include the following compensation:

• Basic;
• Accumulative;
• Insurance.

These are the components of pension payments. Without them, the payment in question simply does not take place. What are the characteristics of the formation of state support for the elderly population is recommended to pay attention?

Three significant components

For example, what is attributed to each type of component of pensions? Having understood all this, it is possible to say with certainty what, in principle, the support of older people in the country is formed.

• The basic part of a pension is the minimum amount of money that is paid to a citizen and ensures life. Issued monthly to help in the existence of retirees.
• The accumulative part is formed from the deductions that the employer made for an able-bodied citizen. Or from money that was voluntarily transferred to pension funds. The amount of payments directly depends on the committed deductions.
• The insurance part is an important component, laid to all persons who have ever worked officially. What is the pension? Her insurance part is a kind of compensation for the work. The size depends on the length of service, salary and age of retirement.

Old-age pension

Now a little about the specific types of pensions and the rules for their formation. The first option is old-age payments. They can be conditionally called insurance. Why? What is the pension for old age?

Everything is extremely simple. Based on the earlier definition, we can conclude that the insurance pension is the money earned for life and given to pension funds. This payment can also be called labor. After all, without work, deductions, as a rule, are not made.

The composition of such material support necessarily includes the base part. It is fixed by the state in a fixed amount. If a citizen has work connected with some peculiarities, they will also have an effect on the pension. For example, there is an allowance in the form of compensation for difficult working conditions or length of service. Every citizen should remember this.

About the funded part

And what is the result of the labor pension in the funded area? In connection with the current changes in the RF pension system, such payments are formed in several ways.

More precisely, then:

• A citizen or an employer can make contributions to the FIU of the Russian Federation in various sizes. Then the fund of payments and the size of the funded part will be controlled by the relevant state body.
• A person has the right to make voluntary insurance contributions for the accumulation of a future pension. To do this, he will have to apply to a non-state pension fund and conclude a contract. Further, monthly payments are made to the organization. Of these, in the future will be formed a cumulative part of pension payments.

Accordingly, the more people have transferred money for their entire life to the country's pension funds, the higher the pension will be in the future. It is important that in order to receive this payment it is necessary to have 30 points under the pension scheme for today. They are awarded for the experience exceeding the minimum. At the moment he is 5 years old. Otherwise, you can only rely on a social pension. It is minimal, but it is guaranteed to all pensioners.

Social support

The old-age labor pension consists of several components. Therefore, it is difficult to say exactly how much a pensioner will receive in this or that case. There is also a social pension. What kind of state support is it and how is it formed? Social pensions, as already mentioned, represent the minimum payments to the population. They are put to all citizens who do not have work experience. Also, this support is disabled. It is necessary to maintain the life of a person who has no other sources of income. The size of social pensions is established by the state in each region separately. It depends on the quality of life conditions of the population and the subsistence minimum. On average, in 2016 such a payment was about 8,700 rubles. Its minimum size was in the range of 4,900 rubles.

Calculation system

It should be noted that in Russia the pension system has undergone some changes. Now everyone is able to independently understand how much he will receive in old age. What is the pension? The insurance payment for today is formed by some system established by the state. What is it about? это сумма денежных средств, сформированная путем умножения имеющихся пенсионных баллов на стоимость одного очка. According to the data published on the official website of the Pension Fund of Russia, the insurance pension is the amount of money generated by multiplying the existing pension points by the cost of one point. A fixed payment is necessarily added to it.

Accordingly, the total amount of the old-age labor pension is calculated taking into account the pension points collected by the citizen for life. They are credited to a special account for the spent year. The more of them, the higher will be the payment. The cost of a pension score is determined by the state annually. This component is constantly changing. For example, in 2017, the cost of a score is 78 rubles 28 kopecks. 4 805 рублей 11 копеек. A fixed payment - 4,805 rubles 11 kopecks. It passes through the indexing process every year.

There are no other systems for calculating pension payments. It is recommended to orient to the above scheme. By the way, work experience is accrued in Russia not only for the time of work officially. For example, during the care of an invalid 80 years and older. During this period the state makes some deductions to the Pension Fund, and the length of service will be accrued.

How to draw up a pension

Now it is clear that the total amount of labor pension is composed of numerous components. In view of the reforms, some consider the Russian pension system to be complex. In practice, the population actively appeals to NPFs and forms self-funded part of payments to old age.

And how can you get the proper support from the state? To issue it is not so difficult. It is enough to apply to the FIU with some list of documents. Namely:

• Identity card;
• SNILS;
• Work book;
• Birth certificates for all children;
• The details of the account to which to transfer money;
• Evidence of doing business;
• Military ticket (if available);
• Any certificates that confirm non-labor periods, counted in seniority;
• Awards and other papers confirming the special position of the citizen.

After that, the person will be calculated on the previously proposed schemes, and also the appointment of a pension.

Conclusions and conclusions

From now on it is clear that the total amount of the old-age labor pension consists of a very large number of components. The pension system of the Russian Federation has been constantly changing. Therefore, all the proposed schemes for calculating state support are relevant only for today. It is likely that other options for the formation of pension payments will soon be used.

What is the pension? Based on all the above, it can be concluded that the influence is exerted by the following elements:

• Earnings of a citizen;
• seniority;
• The scope of work (in some positions retirement is made earlier);
• The age at which a pension is appointed;
• The number of pension points earned;
• Cost of a pension point;
• Unearned periods, counted in the length of service;
• Amount of base payments.