What is the difference between each level of organization of living matter

The universal principle "from simple to complex" is valid for all known levels of organization of matter and manifests itself at each of its stages in the form of a level of organization. Modern biology identifies several main levels of organization of living organisms: it is inherent in all living beings, molecular and cellular levels, and also characteristic of more complex - tissue, organ, organism, as well as population, biogeocenosis and biosphere. Every living organism represents a mobile system open to interaction with the external environment. The main "building materials" of a living cell are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids.

Levels of organization of multicellular organisms

The molecular level of organization of living matter is the simplest and inherent in all living organisms, beginning with bacteria and protozoa. There are chemical reactions that carry life-supporting functions, as well as inherited programs inherited in nucleic acids. Next - the cellular level of the organization of living matter - has several other properties. It is the cell that is the minimal unit of the structure of living matter, it provides such fundamental functions as growth, development, reproduction. In the cells there are metabolic processes.

Levels of organization of multicellular organisms

Similar in structure and function, the cells form four basic types of tissues: connective, epithelial, nervous, muscular. Several types of tissues, one or two of which play a more significant role, form an organ - a separate part of the body that has a predetermined location and performs a certain set of functions. Systems of organs unite, creating a new level of organization of living matter - organismic; It is inherent, mainly, multicellular living beings. Each organism is a stable system, relatively autonomous from the environment and capable of adapting to its conditions. Due to the fact that living organisms belonging to the same species have a similar structure and functions, they are able to unite in populations, occupying certain territories for which certain climatic features are characteristic.

Being the simplest unit of the evolutionary process, the population ensures the exchange of gene information, the flow of heredity processes and variability. Biocenoses, representing associations of populations of a variety of species, by interacting with ok The richest environment is occupied by the next level of organization of living matter. It is biogeocenosis that provides a cycle of substances that exists in nature, as well as the maximum interaction of animate and inanimate nature.

The highest existing level of organization of living matter - the biosphere - unites biogeocenoses. It has a single stream of energy, and also combines all the above levels into a single whole. It is this level of organization of living matter that has the widest range of functions, including maintaining the constancy of the external and internal structure of living nature, structuring and systematization of its basic elements.